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Meta-Analisis: The Impact of Smoking Habits and Hypertension on Coronary Heart Disease in Productive Age Group

Jurnal Kesmas Jambi · Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 205–2016

DOI
10.22437/jkmj.v9i2.46905
ISSN
2580-5894, 2549-8053
Terbit
2025-07-31
Penerbit
Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Jambi
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

The global disease burden has shifted epidemiologically toward non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with coronary heart disease (CHD) as the leading cause of global mortality, contributing to 36% of deaths. Objective: This study aimed to identify the effect size and variability model of CHD determinants in the productive age group. A systematic review and meta-analysis approach was conducted between January and May 2025. Primary data were retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, restricted to studies published from 2019 to 2023. Out of 18,132 articles identified, 12 studies met the eligibility criteria. Data were analyzed using STATA 17.0. The systematic review protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (Registration: CRD420250602556). The proportion of CHD in the productive age group was 5.3% (95% CI: 1.50–9.00). The meta-analysis of smoking habits showed a non-significant association with CHD (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.54–1.69; p = 0.397), whereas hypertension was found to have a significant impact (OR = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.49–2.42; p = 0.176). No publication bias was detected. Hypertension significantly contributes to the incidence of CHD in the productive age group. CHD prevention should target this age group, especially in countries with high CHD prevalence. Interventions should include physical activity promotion, aggressive anti-smoking campaigns, nutritional education to reduce obesity, and early screening and management of diabetes and hypertension at the primary healthcare level.

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  • Universitas Halu Oleo
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Hendra Dhermawan SitanggangAfiliasi tidak diketahui13
M. RidwanAfiliasi tidak diketahui12
Evy WisudarianiAfiliasi tidak diketahui10
Hubaybah HubaybahAfiliasi tidak diketahui9
Dwi NoerjoediantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui9
Fitria Eka PutriAfiliasi tidak diketahui8
Asparian AsparianAfiliasi tidak diketahui8
Muhammad SyukriUniversitas Halu Oleo6
Ismi Nurwaqiah IbnuAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Vinna Rahayu NingsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Muldiasman MuldiasmanAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Helmi Suryani NasutionAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Oka LesmanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Willia Novita Eka RiniAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Rizalia WardiahAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Nakhlatul AisyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Adriani AdrianiAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Fajrina HidayatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Dessy PramudianiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Puspita SariAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Ashar Nuzulul PutraAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
David KusmawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Helmi Suryani NasutionAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
La Ode ReskiaddinAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Budi AswinAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Marta Butar ButarAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Jalius JaliusAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Damris MuhammadUniversitas Jambi2
Andy AmirAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Oka Lesmana SAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Nurlinawati NurlinawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Muhammad Rifqi AzharyAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Nofrans Eka SaputraAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Vinna Rahayu NingsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Sri Astuti SiregarAfiliasi tidak diketahui2

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/jkmj/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Meta-Analisis: The Impact of Smoking Habits and Hypertension on Coronary Heart Disease in Productive Age Group</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pagan, Putri Nurul Aqla</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kalsum, Ummi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Guspianto, Guspianto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fitri, Adelina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Halim, Rd.</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Meta-analysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Systematic Review</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en"> Risk Factors</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Productive Age Group</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The global disease burden has shifted epidemiologically toward non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with coronary heart disease (CHD) as the leading cause of global mortality, contributing to 36% of deaths. Objective: This study aimed to identify the effect size and variability model of CHD determinants in the productive age group. A systematic review and meta-analysis approach was conducted between January and May 2025. Primary data were retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, restricted to studies published from 2019 to 2023. Out of 18,132 articles identified, 12 studies met the eligibility criteria. Data were analyzed using STATA 17.0. The systematic review protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (Registration: CRD420250602556). The proportion of CHD in the productive age group was 5.3% (95% CI: 1.50–9.00). The meta-analysis of smoking habits showed a non-significant association with CHD (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.54–1.69; p = 0.397), whereas hypertension was found to have a significant impact (OR = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.49–2.42; p = 0.176). No publication bias was detected. Hypertension significantly contributes to the incidence of CHD in the productive age group. CHD prevention should target this age group, especially in countries with high CHD prevalence. Interventions should include physical activity promotion, aggressive anti-smoking campaigns, nutritional education to reduce obesity, and early screening and management of diabetes and hypertension at the primary healthcare level.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Jambi</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/jkmj/article/view/46905</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22437/jkmj.v9i2.46905</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Kesmas Jambi; Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): VOLUME 9 - NUMBER 2 - July 2025; 205-2016</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2580-5894</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-8053</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/jkmj/article/view/46905/23022</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Nurul Aqla Pagan, Ummi Kalsum, Guspianto Guspianto, Adelina Fitri, Rd. Halim (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>