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Prevalence and Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Informal Workers in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey

Jurnal Kesmas Jambi · Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026) · hlm. 351–365

DOI
10.22437/r3daqx79
ISSN
2580-5894, 2549-8053
Terbit
2026-10-22
Penerbit
Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Jambi
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, particularly among informal workers who are exposed to various occupational and lifestyle-related risk factors. This study aimed to identify the determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus among informal workers in Indonesia using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). A cross-sectional study design was employed using secondary data from 257.103 informal workers selected through systematic sampling. The dependent variable was physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, while independent variables included age, sex, education, consumption of sweet and salty foods, nutritional status, hypertension, physical activity, smoking behavior, fruit and vegetable consumption, stress, socioeconomic status, periodic health check-ups, and dietary patterns. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among informal workers was 4.3%. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between diabetes mellitus and age, sex, education level, sweet food consumption, salty food consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, hypertension, physical activity, nutritional status, stress, socioeconomic status, periodic health check-ups, and dietary patterns. Multivariable analysis revealed that age was the most dominant determinant of type 2 diabetes mellitus after controlling for sweet food consumption, hypertension, physical activity, smoking behavior, socioeconomic status, periodic health check-ups, and dietary patterns. These findings indicate that demographic, behavioral, and health-related factors contribute to diabetes risk among informal workers. Strengthening preventive and promotive programs such as CERDIK and GERMAS is necessary to encourage healthy lifestyles and reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in this population.

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  • Universitas Jambi
  • Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjungpinang
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Sri Astuti SiregarUniversitas Jambi8
Budi AswinUniversitas Jambi7
Guspianto GuspiantoUniversitas Jambi5
Vinna Rahayu NingsihUniversitas Jambi5
Guspianto GuspiantoUniversitas Jambi5
Lia NurdiniUniversitas Jambi4
Marta Butar ButarUniversitas Jambi4
Arnild Augina MekarisceUniversitas Jambi4
Usi LanitaUniversitas Jambi4
Fitria Eka PutriUniversitas Jambi4
Rd. HalimUniversitas Jambi4
Hendra Dhermawan SitanggangUniversitas Jambi4
Puspita SariUniversitas Jambi3
Hubaybah HubaybahUniversitas Jambi3
M. RidwanUniversitas Jambi3
Herwansyah HerwansyahUniversitas Jambi3
Fajrina HidayatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Silvia Mawarti PerdanaUniversitas Jambi2
Oka LesmanaUniversitas Jambi2
Ummi KalsumUniversitas Jambi2
M. RidwanUniversitas Jambi2
Indra MartiasPoltekkes Kemenkes Tanjungpinang2
Luh PitriyantiPoltekkes Kemenkes Tanjungpinang2
Andy AmirUniversitas Jambi2
Adelina FitriUniversitas Jambi2
Risty IvantiUniversitas Jambi2
M. Dody IzharUniversitas Jambi2
Helmi Suryani NasutionUniversitas Jambi2
Attiya IstariniUniversitas Jambi2
Rumita Ena SariUniversitas Jambi1
Nurdini LiaUniversitas Jambi1
Dinda OktafiaUniversitas Jambi1
Danu PendawaUniversitas Jambi1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/jkmj/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Prevalence and Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Informal Workers in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wahyuni, Novin Tri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kalsum, Ummi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Asparian, Asparian</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rini, Willia Novita Eka</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Noerjoedianto, Dwi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muldiasman, Muldiasman</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Daswito, Rinaldi</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Type 2 diabetes mellitus </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">informal workers </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">risk factors  </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">hypertension</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Indonesia</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, particularly among informal workers who are exposed to various occupational and lifestyle-related risk factors. This study aimed to identify the determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus among informal workers in Indonesia using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). A cross-sectional study design was employed using secondary data from 257.103 informal workers selected through systematic sampling. The dependent variable was physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, while independent variables included age, sex, education, consumption of sweet and salty foods, nutritional status, hypertension, physical activity, smoking behavior, fruit and vegetable consumption, stress, socioeconomic status, periodic health check-ups, and dietary patterns. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among informal workers was 4.3%. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between diabetes mellitus and age, sex, education level, sweet food consumption, salty food consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, hypertension, physical activity, nutritional status, stress, socioeconomic status, periodic health check-ups, and dietary patterns. Multivariable analysis revealed that age was the most dominant determinant of type 2 diabetes mellitus after controlling for sweet food consumption, hypertension, physical activity, smoking behavior, socioeconomic status, periodic health check-ups, and dietary patterns. These findings indicate that demographic, behavioral, and health-related factors contribute to diabetes risk among informal workers. Strengthening preventive and promotive programs such as CERDIK and GERMAS is necessary to encourage healthy lifestyles and reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in this population.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Jambi</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-10-22</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/jkmj/article/view/57087</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22437/r3daqx79</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Kesmas Jambi; Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): VOLUME 10 - NUMBER  3  (AUGUST - NOVEMBER 2026); 351-365</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2580-5894</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-8053</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/jkmj/article/view/57087/24613</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Novin Tri Wahyuni, Ummi Kalsum, Asparian Asparian, Willia Novita Eka Rini, Dwi Noerjoedianto, Muldiasman Muldiasman, Rinaldi Daswito (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>