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Dose-Dependent Mild Kidney Injury Induced by Ethanol Extract of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa in Female Rats

Jambi Medical Journal : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan · Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 112–121

DOI
10.22437/jmj.v14i1.54229
ISSN
2580-6874, 2339-269X
Terbit
2026-05-30
Penerbit
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DAN ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS JAMBI
Bahasa
en

Abstrak

Background: Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is widely used in traditional medicine, but its subchronic renal safety profile remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to assess mild kidney injury induced by R. tomentosa leaf ethanol extract through qualitative and quantitative histopathological evaluation in female Rattus norvegicus. Methods: Twenty-four female rats were divided into six groups: a control and five treatment groups receiving the extract at doses of 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 mg/kgBW for 14 days. Kidney tissues were evaluated via hematoxylin-eosin staining and image-based digital quantification across five fields of view per specimen to determine glomerular and tubular damage. Results: Qualitative evaluation revealed dose-dependent alterations, transitioning from mild glomerular hypercellularity at lower doses to focal necrosis and hemorrhage at higher doses. Quantitative analysis clarified a distinct compartmental vulnerability. Glomerular damage showed a descriptive upward trend across doses (9.75% to 13.53%) but lacked statistical significance (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.05). Conversely, tubular damage increased sharply from 1.99% to 17.49%, demonstrating a highly significant dose-dependent escalation (p = 0.001). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons confirmed that significant tubular degeneration manifested critically at elevated exposures of 1600 mg/kgBW (p = 0.014) and 3200 mg/kgBW (p = 0.002) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of R. tomentosa leaves induces dose-dependent renal alterations, with tubular structures exhibiting significantly higher susceptibility than glomeruli due to active metabolic clearance. However, the absolute tissue damage remains strictly within the mild, non-destructive category, establishing a reassuring safety margin for its pharmaceutical development.

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  • Universitas Jambi
  • Diponegoro University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Nyimas Natasha Ayu ShafiraUniversitas Jambi28
Amelia Dwi FitriUniversitas Jambi10
Citra MaharaniUniversitas Jambi10
Erny KusdiyahUniversitas Jambi9
Herlambang HerlambangUniversitas Jambi8
Herlambang HerlambangUniversitas Jambi8
Huntari HarahapUniversitas Jambi7
Wahyu Indah Dewi AuroraUniversitas Jambi6
Rita HalimUniversitas Jambi6
Tia Wida Ekaputri HzUniversitas Jambi6
Esa Indah AyudiaUniversitas Jambi5
Tengku Arief Buana PerkasaUniversitas Jambi5
Arnild Augina MekarisceUniversitas Jambi2
Charles Apul SimanjuntakUniversitas Jambi1
Nys. Natasha Ayu SUniversitas Jambi1
Vinna Rahayu NingsihUniversitas Jambi1
Sri Astuti SiregarUniversitas Jambi1
Puspita SariUniversitas Jambi1
Rumita Ena SariUniversitas Jambi1
Marta Butar ButarUniversitas Jambi1
Raihanah SuzanUniversitas Jambi1
Giva DianisaUniversitas Jambi1
Mirna Marhami IskandarUniversitas Jambi1
Nurhanisah DalimuntheUniversitas Jambi1
Miftahurrahmah MiftahurrahmahUniversitas Jambi1
Fairuz QuzwainUniversitas Jambi1
Huntari HarahapAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ahmad SyauqyDiponegoro University1
Budi JustitiaUniversitas Jambi1
Ikmal Galih SaputraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hanina HaninaUniversitas Jambi1
amadea rizkiyani noorAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mhd Habib Dwi MahendraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/kedokteran/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Dose-Dependent Mild Kidney Injury Induced by Ethanol Extract of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa in Female Rats</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ekaputri, Tia Wida</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Andani, Firstasya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Enis, Rina Nofri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Tarawifa, Susan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Puspasari, Anggelia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Maharani, Citra</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Utami, Erisca Ayu</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">kidney histopathology</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">nephrotoxicity</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">mild kidney injury</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rattus norvegicus</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is widely used in traditional medicine, but its subchronic renal safety profile remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to assess mild kidney injury induced by R. tomentosa leaf ethanol extract through qualitative and quantitative histopathological evaluation in female Rattus norvegicus.
Methods: Twenty-four female rats were divided into six groups: a control and five treatment groups receiving the extract at doses of 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 mg/kgBW for 14 days. Kidney tissues were evaluated via hematoxylin-eosin staining and image-based digital quantification across five fields of view per specimen to determine glomerular and tubular damage.
Results: Qualitative evaluation revealed dose-dependent alterations, transitioning from mild glomerular hypercellularity at lower doses to focal necrosis and hemorrhage at higher doses. Quantitative analysis clarified a distinct compartmental vulnerability. Glomerular damage showed a descriptive upward trend across doses (9.75% to 13.53%) but lacked statistical significance (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.05). Conversely, tubular damage increased sharply from 1.99% to 17.49%, demonstrating a highly significant dose-dependent escalation (p = 0.001). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons confirmed that significant tubular degeneration manifested critically at elevated exposures of 1600 mg/kgBW (p = 0.014) and 3200 mg/kgBW (p = 0.002) compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The ethanol extract of R. tomentosa leaves induces dose-dependent renal alterations, with tubular structures exhibiting significantly higher susceptibility than glomeruli due to active metabolic clearance. However, the absolute tissue damage remains strictly within the mild, non-destructive category, establishing a reassuring safety margin for its pharmaceutical development.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DAN ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS JAMBI</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-05-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/kedokteran/article/view/54229</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22437/jmj.v14i1.54229</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jambi Medical Journal : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): JAMBI MEDICAL JOURNAL: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan; 112-121</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2580-6874</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2339-269X</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/kedokteran/article/view/54229/25022</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Jambi Medical Journal : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>