In Vitro Axillary Shoot Growth of Sugarcane Cultivar ‘AAS Agribun’ under BAP and NAA

Abstrak

Inggris

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a strategic sugar-producing crop in Indonesia; however, conventional vegetative propagation is limited by slow multiplication rates and the risk of disease transmission. In vitro culture offers an alternative approach for rapid and disease free seedling production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) combinations on axillary shoot growth of sugarcane cultivar 'Agriculture Acclimated Sugarcane Agribun' (abbreviated as 'AAS Agribun') and to determine the most effective concentration for shoot initiation. The study was conducted from October 2025 to January 2026 at the Laboratorium Unit Pengelola Benih Unggul Pertanian (UPBUP), Pusat Perakitan dan Modernisasi Pertanian (BrMP) Perkebunan, Bogor, West Java. A completely randomized factorial design was applied using BAP (0–2.0 mg/L) and NAA (0–0.5 mg/L) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Observed parameters included percentage of surviving explants, time of shoot emergence, number of shoots, shoot height, and number of leaves. The results indicated that 0.5 mg/L BAP without NAA produced the most effective response for axillary shoot initiation, as reflected by higher explant survival and improved shoot growth compared to other treatments. This was evidenced by the earliest shoot emergence, observed at 1.75 Weeks After Culture (WAC), and the highest leaf number, averaging 0.96 leaves per plant. These findings suggest that low BAP concentration without auxin supplementation is optimal for early-stage shoot induction of sugarcane cultivar ‘AAS Agribun’. Keyword: Axillary shoots; Plant growth regulators; Sugarcane; Tissue culture.

Bahasa Indonesia

Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) merupakan komoditas strategis penghasil gula di Indonesia, namun perbanyakan konvensionalnya terbatas oleh kecepatan dan risiko penyakit. Kultur jaringan in vitro menjadi alternatif untuk menghasilkan bibit unggul secara massal dan bebas patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) dan Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) terhadap pertumbuhan tunas aksilar tebu kultivar ‘AAS Agribun’ serta menentukan konsentrasi paling efektif pada tahap inisiasi. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial dengan perlakuan BAP (0–2,0 mg/L) dan NAA (0–0,5 mg/L) pada media Murashige and Skoog. Parameter yang diamati meliputi persentase eksplan hidup, waktu muncul tunas, jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas, dan jumlah daun. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa BAP 0,5 mg/L tanpa penambahan NAA merupakan kombinasi paling efektif dalam menginduksi inisiasi tunas aksilar.