Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Journal

Removal of Ion Nitrate and Phosphate Using Cocoa Shell Skin Modified With Functional Polymer

Elkawnie · Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023) · pp. 308–323

DOI
10.22373/ekw.v9i2.18260
ISSN
2460-8912, 2460-8920
Published
2023-12-31
Publisher
Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry
Language
eng

Abstract

Abstract: Cocoa is a plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia, one of which is in the Yogyakarta area. On the outside of the cocoa fruit, it is known as the cocoa shell skin. Cocoa shell skin is an agricultural waste that is a simple, cheap, and environmentally friendly development that is used as an adsorbent for nitrate and phosphate removal. This article discusses the observation of the ability of the cacao shell against ion nitrate and phosphate adsorption and then compares it after being modified with a functional polymer. Modification of the surface of cacao shell skin with 2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (META) resulted in an improvement; the percentages of removal of ion nitrate and phosphate were 89.67% and 92%, respectively. In addition, this study compared the characterization of materials resulting from the absorption of Cocoa Shell Skin (CH) and Cocoa Shell Skin Modified META (CH-META) for nitrate and phosphate ions using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The modification with META could improve the C-N group and N-H groups on the surface of cacao shell skin. Abstrak: Kakao merupakan tanaman yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia salah satunya di daerah Yogyakarta. Bagian luar buah kakao dikenal dengan kulit cangkang kakao. Kulit cangkang kakao merupakan limbah pertanian yang merupakan pengembangan sederhana yang murah dan ramah lingkungan serta digunakan sebagai adsorben penyerap nitrat dan fosfat. Artikel ini membahas tentang observasi kemampuan kulit cangkang kakao terhadap adsorpsi ion nitrat dan fosfat kemudian adanya perbandingan dengan cangkang cacao setelah dilakukan modifikasi dengan polimer fungsional. Modifikasi permukaan kulit cangkang kakao dengan META menghasilkan peningkatan persentase penyerapan ion nitrat dan fosfat masing-masing sebesar 89,67% dan 92%. Selain itu, penelitian ini membandingkan karakterisasi bahan hasil penyerapan Cocoa Shell Skin (CH) dan Cocoa Shell Skin – Modifikasi META (CH-META) untuk ion nitrat dan fosfat menggunakan Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Modifikasi dengan META dapat meningkatkan gugus C-N dan gugus N-H pada permukaan kulit cangkang kakao.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 89 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Tjuwati MakmurAffiliation unknown5
Joni Aldilla FajriAffiliation unknown4
Lee Wah LimAffiliation unknown4
Arief BudimanAffiliation unknown3
Maryudi MaryudiAffiliation unknown3
Dhias Cahya HakikaAffiliation unknown3
Ilham MufandiAffiliation unknown2
Lukhi Mulia ShitophytaAffiliation unknown2
Joko PitoyoAffiliation unknown2
Harapin HafidUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Firman NasiuUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Nita NitaAffiliation unknown1
Laode Arsad SaniAffiliation unknown1
Maharani MaharaniAffiliation unknown1
Yayah RukoyahAffiliation unknown1
Siti Hijrotul HopiahAffiliation unknown1
Lia NurkhalipahAffiliation unknown1
Syaw NurbillahAffiliation unknown1
Makrina TindangenAffiliation unknown1
Elsje Theodora MaasawetAffiliation unknown1
Rusdy A SirojAffiliation unknown1
Astrid S.W. SumahAffiliation unknown1
Asni JohariAffiliation unknown1
Revis AsraAffiliation unknown1
Kresna FebriyantoAffiliation unknown1
Mohammad JailaniAffiliation unknown1
Waharjani WaharjaniAffiliation unknown1
Fithriady IlyasAffiliation unknown1
Rina DesianaAffiliation unknown1
Yeni ElisthatianaAffiliation unknown1
Siti Nurhalizatul AiniAffiliation unknown1
Anisa SalsabilaAffiliation unknown1
Firanita AnggrainiAffiliation unknown1
Heidy Oktavia NisaAffiliation unknown1
Mutia Endar NurhidayahAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/elkawnie/oai, first harvested 7 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Removal of Ion Nitrate and Phosphate Using Cocoa Shell Skin Modified With Functional Polymer</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rahayu, Aster</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Amrillah, Nafira Alfi Zaini</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nuraini, Nuraini</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Veranica, Veranica</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Jamilatun, Siti</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">cocoa shell skin</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">ion nitrate</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">ion phospate</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">functional polymer</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">quaternaru ammonium</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Abstract: Cocoa is a plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia, one of which is in the Yogyakarta area. On the outside of the cocoa fruit, it is known as the cocoa shell skin. Cocoa shell skin is an agricultural waste that is a simple, cheap, and environmentally friendly development that is used as an adsorbent for nitrate and phosphate removal. This article discusses the observation of the ability of the cacao shell against ion nitrate and phosphate adsorption and then compares it after being modified with a functional polymer. Modification of the surface of cacao shell skin with 2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (META) resulted in an improvement; the percentages of removal of ion nitrate and phosphate were 89.67% and 92%, respectively. In addition, this study compared the characterization of materials resulting from the absorption of Cocoa Shell Skin (CH) and Cocoa Shell Skin Modified META (CH-META) for nitrate and phosphate ions using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The modification with META could improve the C-N group and N-H groups on the surface of cacao shell skin. Abstrak: Kakao merupakan tanaman yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia salah satunya di daerah Yogyakarta. Bagian luar buah kakao dikenal dengan kulit cangkang kakao. Kulit cangkang kakao merupakan limbah pertanian yang merupakan pengembangan sederhana yang murah dan ramah lingkungan serta digunakan sebagai adsorben penyerap nitrat dan fosfat. Artikel ini membahas tentang observasi kemampuan kulit cangkang kakao terhadap adsorpsi ion nitrat dan fosfat kemudian adanya perbandingan dengan cangkang cacao setelah dilakukan modifikasi dengan polimer fungsional. Modifikasi permukaan kulit cangkang kakao dengan META menghasilkan peningkatan persentase penyerapan ion nitrat dan fosfat masing-masing sebesar 89,67% dan 92%. Selain itu, penelitian ini membandingkan karakterisasi bahan hasil penyerapan Cocoa Shell Skin (CH) dan Cocoa Shell Skin – Modifikasi META (CH-META) untuk ion nitrat dan fosfat menggunakan Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Modifikasi dengan META dapat meningkatkan gugus C-N dan gugus N-H pada permukaan kulit cangkang kakao.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2023-12-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/elkawnie/article/view/18260</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22373/ekw.v9i2.18260</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Elkawnie; Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023); 308-323</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-8912</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-8920</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/elkawnie/article/view/18260/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2023 Aster Rahayu, Nafira Alfi Zaini Amrillah, Nuraini, Veranica, Siti Jamilatun</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>