Negotiating gender roles in pesantren family: A phenomenological study of husband-wife relationships in traditional Madurese Pesantren

Abstract

This study examines how gender roles are negotiated within traditional pesantren families within the Madurese pesantren cultural context, with particular attention to husband-wife relationships as a central site of social and religious dynamics. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study involved three key informants from pesantren caregiver families, selected purposively based on their positions and experiences within pesantren family structures. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, which were recorded with informants’ consent and supported by field notes. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis with an interpretative phenomenological orientation by identifying recurring themes and interpreting informants’ meanings concerning roles, authority, decision-making, and gender negotiation within social, cultural, and religious contexts. The findings show that gender relations in pesantren families are not static but are continuously negotiated through dialogue, functional role-sharing, and adaptation. Although patriarchal values remain influential, women are found to play important roles in female student education, household management, and pesantren economic activities. Gender relations are therefore shaped by the interaction of religious values, local culture, practical considerations, and individual interpretations. Practically, these findings suggest the importance of culturally sensitive efforts to strengthen collaborative family decision-making and recognize women’s educational and economic contributions within pesantren institutions.

Keywords

• Gender
• Pesantren Family
• Role Negotiations
• Phenomenology
• Madura