Nutmeg Oil as an Anesthetic for Enhanced Gas Diffusion in High-Density Seabass Seedlings

Wahab, Gunawan Abdul; Cut Laura, Cut Laura; Putra, Dedi Fazriansyah; Al-Fairusy, Muhajir

doi:10.22373/p-jpft.v12i2.34449

Open access Journal

Nutmeg Oil as an Anesthetic for Enhanced Gas Diffusion in High-Density Seabass Seedlings

Jurnal Phi : Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Fisika Terapan · Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026) · pp. 175–183

DOI: 10.22373/p-jpft.v12i2.34449
ISSN: 2549-7162, 2460-4348
Published: 2026-04-20
Publisher: Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry
Language: eng
License: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstract

Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is a high-value aquaculture species cultivated to supply domestic and export markets. However, water quality deterioration during transport—marked by declining dissolved oxygen (DO) and rising carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels due to increased fish respiration and limited gas diffusion governed by Henry's Law—can induce stress and reduce seed survival. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nutmeg oil (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) as an anesthetic on the survival and physiological response of Asian seabass seeds transported at different stocking densities, and to determine the optimal density for wet closed-system transportation. The experiment, conducted in February 2025 at the Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University, employed a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. Treatments included a control (without anesthetic) and nutmeg oil administration (1.0 ppm) at densities of 25, 35, 45, and 55 fish. Transportation lasted for eight hours. Nutmeg oil significantly affected anesthesia induction and recovery time (P 0.05). The highest survival rate (98.88%) was observed at 45 fish per container with 1.0 ppm nutmeg oil. The findings suggest nutmeg oil is an effective natural anesthetic for improving transport efficiency and fish welfare, supporting SDG 14 (Life Below Water) through sustainable aquaculture practices.

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Co-author	Organisation	Joint articles
Norhayati Othman	Affiliation unknown	2
Muhammad Nasir	Affiliation unknown	2
Irwan Abdullah	Affiliation unknown	1
Ikhram Ikhram	Affiliation unknown	1
T. Zulfikar	Affiliation unknown	1
Mufakhir Muhammad	Affiliation unknown	1
M. Ikhwan	Affiliation unknown	1
Muhammadar Abdullah Abbas	Affiliation unknown	1
Nadri Solin	Affiliation unknown	1
Syahrul Purnawan	Affiliation unknown	1
Ichsan Setiawan	Affiliation unknown	1
Muhammad Redha Subqi	Affiliation unknown	1
Elzein Muhammed Fahal	Affiliation unknown	1
Suratno Suratno	Affiliation unknown	1
Chintia Ariesti Pangestu	Affiliation unknown	1
Rahma Enina Br Manik	Affiliation unknown	1
Elzein Muhammad Fahal	Affiliation unknown	1
Muji Mulia	Affiliation unknown	1
Syamsuar Syamsuar	Affiliation unknown	1
JUNAIDI JUNAIDI	Affiliation unknown	1
Rawdhah Binti Yasa	Affiliation unknown	1
Fitriah M. Suud	Affiliation unknown	1
Kana Safrina Rouzi	Affiliation unknown	1
Tri Na’imah	Affiliation unknown	1
Harinawati Harinawati	Affiliation unknown	1
Lia Armaya	Affiliation unknown	1
Sayyid Afdhal El Rahimi	Affiliation unknown	1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/jurnalphi/oai, first harvested 7 Nov 2026, last seen 7 Nov 2026.

Original metadata (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Nutmeg Oil as an Anesthetic for Enhanced Gas Diffusion in High-Density Seabass Seedlings</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wahab, Gunawan Abdul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Cut Laura, Cut Laura</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Putra, Dedi Fazriansyah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Al-Fairusy, Muhajir</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Nutmeg oil, Myristica fragrans, Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer), Natural fish anesthetic, Wet transportation system</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">GAS DIFFUSION </dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is a high-value aquaculture species cultivated to supply domestic and export markets. However, water quality deterioration during transport—marked by declining dissolved oxygen (DO) and rising carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels due to increased fish respiration and limited gas diffusion governed by Henry's Law—can induce stress and reduce seed survival. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nutmeg oil (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) as an anesthetic on the survival and physiological response of Asian seabass seeds transported at different stocking densities, and to determine the optimal density for wet closed-system transportation. The experiment, conducted in February 2025 at the Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University, employed a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. Treatments included a control (without anesthetic) and nutmeg oil administration (1.0 ppm) at densities of 25, 35, 45, and 55 fish. Transportation lasted for eight hours. Nutmeg oil significantly affected anesthesia induction and recovery time (P&amp;lt;0.05) but had no significant effect on survival (P&amp;gt;0.05). The highest survival rate (98.88%) was observed at 45 fish per container with 1.0 ppm nutmeg oil. The findings suggest nutmeg oil is an effective natural anesthetic for improving transport efficiency and fish welfare, supporting SDG 14 (Life Below Water) through sustainable aquaculture practices.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-20</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/jurnalphi/article/view/34449</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22373/p-jpft.v12i2.34449</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Phi : Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Fisika Terapan; Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026); 175-183</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">Jurnal Phi: Kurnal Pendidikan Fisika &amp; Terapan; Vol 12 No 2 (2026); 175-183</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-7162</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-4348</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/jurnalphi/article/view/34449/12758</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Gunawan Abdul Wahab, Cut Laura, Dedi Fazriansyah Putra, Muhajir Al-Fairusy</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>