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Standard Operating Procedure for the Arrests and Detentions of Individuals with Autism in Four Countries

Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam · Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024) · pp. 216–235

DOI
10.22373/sjhk.v8i1.16085
ISSN
2549-3167, 2549-3132
Published
2024-02-07
Publisher
Islamic Family Law Department, Sharia and Law Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry
Language
eng

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is categorized under neuro-developmental disorders. Individuals with this disorder experience deficits in social interaction and communication skills as well as repetitive patterns of thoughts and behaviours. The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the similarities and differences in Malaysian PDRM Autism SOPs with other countries, namely Malaysia, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, and four countries in the United States, namely, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Illinois, and Virginia. This research focuses on discussing the important elements emphasized in SOPs and some aspects of similarities and differences between them. The research design is based on document analysis. The data were analyzed descriptively and thematically. Research results that autistic people put them at risk of committing violations of the law without realizing or intending to do so. Since they are also categorized as persons with disabilities, they are thus entitled to legal guarantees appropriate to their status. Therefore, their rights to equality and non-discrimination as persons with disabilities attracted worldwide attention holistically, resulting in specific Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in several countries, including Malaysia, namely, the Royal Malaysian Police Autism SOP (PDRM). Likewise, there are several important elements outlined in all SOPs, in aspects of their application, legal references, methods of arrest and detention, and intermediary assistance, and there are some similarities and differences between the SOPs analyzed. The implications of this study show the importance of SOPs for autism arrest and prisoners, to meet their specific legal needs.

Keywords

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32 authors · 70 co-authorship links

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Muhammad Al-Ghazalli Abdol MalekAffiliation unknown2
Mohd. ‘Adli ZahriAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad Nazir AliasAffiliation unknown1
Irfan IrfanAffiliation unknown1
Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd KashimAffiliation unknown1
Zahri HamatAffiliation unknown1
Fatin ‘Alia ZahriAffiliation unknown1
Radin Firdaus Radin BadaruddinAffiliation unknown1
Aishah Mohd NorAffiliation unknown1
Mardhiyyah SahriAffiliation unknown1
Zulzaidi MahmodAffiliation unknown1
Ulfah Mansurah ZainudinAffiliation unknown1
Noor Aziah Mohd AwalAffiliation unknown1
Nor Faizah IsmailAffiliation unknown1
Wafaa’ YusofAffiliation unknown1
Norsyamlina Che Abdul RahimAffiliation unknown1
Abderrahmane HibaouiAffiliation unknown1
Nurul Izwah Muhd AdnanAffiliation unknown1
Hafizuddin Muhd AdnanAffiliation unknown1
Md Yazid AhmadAffiliation unknown1
Asiah Aqilah Abdul GhaniAffiliation unknown1
Ardiansyah Rusli.SAffiliation unknown1
Kaosar HayeejehwaeAffiliation unknown1
Ramadhita RamadhitaAffiliation unknown1
Syabbul BachriAffiliation unknown1
Najma MoosaAffiliation unknown1
Büşra Nur DuranAffiliation unknown1
All-Mu'izz AbasAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/samarah/oai, first harvested 7 Nov 2026, last seen 7 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Standard Operating Procedure for the Arrests and Detentions of Individuals with Autism in Four Countries</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mohd Kusrin, Zuliza</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ab Rahman, Roseliza Murni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Samuri, Mohd Al Adib</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muhd Adnan, Nurul Ilyana</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Autism</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Standard Operational Procedure</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">arrest</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">detention</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">laws</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Malaysia Royal Police</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is categorized under neuro-developmental disorders. Individuals with this disorder experience deficits in social interaction and communication skills as well as repetitive patterns of thoughts and behaviours. The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the similarities and differences in Malaysian PDRM Autism SOPs with other countries, namely Malaysia, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, and four countries in the United States, namely, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Illinois, and Virginia. This research focuses on discussing the important elements emphasized in SOPs and some aspects of similarities and differences between them. The research design is based on document analysis. The data were analyzed descriptively and thematically. Research results that autistic people put them at risk of committing violations of the law without realizing or intending to do so. Since they are also categorized as persons with disabilities, they are thus entitled to legal guarantees appropriate to their status. Therefore, their rights to equality and non-discrimination as persons with disabilities attracted worldwide attention holistically, resulting in specific Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in several countries, including Malaysia, namely, the Royal Malaysian Police Autism SOP (PDRM). Likewise, there are several important elements outlined in all SOPs, in aspects of their application, legal references, methods of arrest and detention, and intermediary assistance, and there are some similarities and differences between the SOPs analyzed. The implications of this study show the importance of SOPs for autism arrest and prisoners, to meet their specific legal needs.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Islamic Family Law Department, Sharia and Law Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-02-07</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/samarah/article/view/16085</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22373/sjhk.v8i1.16085</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam; 216-235</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-3167</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-3132</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/samarah/article/view/16085/9141</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2024 Zuliza Mohd Kusrin, Roseliza Murni Ab Rahman, Mohd Al Adib Samuri, Nurul Ilyana Muhd Adnan</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>