Restorative Justice in Islamic Criminal Law: A Legal Psychology Perspective on the Necessity of Qisas and Diyat

Abstract

English

Restorative justice studies have so far been developed mainly within the framework of modern positive law, while the potential of similar concepts in Islamic criminal law is often narrowly understood as a mechanism of retribution. In fact, Qisas and diyat embody a more comprehensive dimension of justice-oriented towards restoration. The purpose of this study is to analyse Qisas and diyat in Islamic criminal law through the perspective of legal psychology to prove the restorative justice character inherent in them. This study uses a normative legal research method, with a conceptual, theological-normative, and legal psychology approach, examining primary data in the form of the Qur'an and hadith, as well as secondary data sourced from relevant research through library research, to analyse the restorative character of Qisas and diyat. The results of this study indicate that Qisas and diyat not only function as instruments of punishment but also as mechanisms of recovery that acknowledge victims' suffering, encourage perpetrators' moral responsibility, and restore social and psychological balance. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of a legal psychology perspective into the examination of Qisas and diyat as restorative justice inherent in Islamic criminal law. This research is expected to enrich academic discourse and strengthen the relevance of Islamic criminal law in the discourse of modern restorative justice.

Indonesian

Kajian keadilan restoratif selama ini lebih banyak dikembangkan dalam kerangka hukum positif modern, sementara potensi konsep serupa dalam hukum pidana Islam kerap dipahami secara sempit sebagai mekanisme pembalasan. Padahal, qisas dan diyat mengandung dimensi keadilan yang lebih komprehensif dan berorientasi pada pemulihan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah menganalisis qisas dan diyat dalam hukum pidana Islam melalui perspektif psikologi hukum untuk membuktikan karakter keadilan restoratif yang melekat di dalamnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual, teologis-normatif, dan psikologi hukum dengan mengkaji data primer berupa al-Qur’an dan hadits serta data sekunder yang bersumber dari penelitian yang relevan melalui studi kepustakaan (library research) guna menganalisis karakter restoratif qisas dan diyat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa qisas dan diyat tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai instrumen pemidanaan, tetapi juga sebagai mekanisme pemulihan yang mengakui penderitaan korban, mendorong pertanggungjawaban moral pelaku, serta memulihkan keseimbangan sosial dan psikologis. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi perspektif psikologi hukum dalam menelaah qisas dan diyat sebagai keadilan restoratif yang inheren dalam hukum pidana Islam. Kontribusi penelitian ini diharapkan memperkaya wacana akademik serta memperkuat relevansi hukum pidana Islam dalam diskursus keadilan restoratif modern.

Keywords

• diyat
• fiqh jinayah
• legal psychology
• qisas
• restorative justice