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Genetic variability in 12 butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) accessions: a dual approach with cluster and principal component analysis

Jurnal AGRO · Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 29–44

DOI
10.15575/37117
ISSN
2407-7933
Published
2025-01-03
Publisher
Jurusan Agroteknologi
Language
eng

Abstract

Understanding genetic variability is crucial for enhancing the breeding programs of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.), particularly in the face of the demand for improved crop varieties. This study aims to (i) evaluate the genetic variability of 12 butterfly pea accessions based on 28 agro-morphological traits and (ii) analyze the genetic relationships among these accessions. The research was conducted from December 2022 to October 2023 at the Ciparanje Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experimental design employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 12 accessions and three replications. Observations were made on 28 agro-morphological traits. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). ANOVA results indicated significant diversity among the 12 accessions based on 17 agro-morphological traits. PCA results showed that the first six principal components accounted for 89.1% of the total genetic variability and identified all traits as contributing factors to the genetic variability among the accessions. AHC analysis grouped the accessions into two main clusters, with Euclidean distances ranging from 1.00 to 4.00, indicating varying levels of genetic relatedness. These findings underscore the importance of genetic variability in formulating breeding strategies, particularly in the selection of parents based on targeted agro-morphological traits. ABSTRAK Informasi keragaman genetik sangat penting untuk mendukung program pemuliaan tanaman telang (Clitoria ternatea L.), khususnya dalam menghadapi permintaan varietas unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (i) mengevaluasi keragaman genetik dari 12 aksesi kembang telang berdasarkan 28 karakter agro-morfologi dan (ii) menganalisis hubungan genetik di antara aksesi-aksesi tersebut berdasarkan 28 karakter agro-morfologi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Desember 2022 hingga Oktober 2023 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Desain eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan 12 aksesi dan tiga ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 28 karakter agro-morfologi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis varians (ANOVA), analisis komponen utama (PCA), dan pengelompokan hierarki aglomeratif (AHC). Hasil analisis ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa 12 aksesi telang beragam secara signifikan berdasarkan 17 karakter agro-morfologi. Hasil PCA menunjukkan bahwa enam komponen utama pertama menjelaskan 89,1% dari total keragaman genetik dan mengidentifikasi 28 karakter agro-morfologi sebagai karakter yang berkontribusi terhadap keragaman genetik 12 aksesi telang. Analisis AHC mengelompokkan 12 aksesi menjadi dua kelompok utama dengan jarak Euclidean berkisar antara 1,00 hingga 4,00, mengindikasikan tingkat kekerabatan genetik yang jauh. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya keragaman genetik dalam merumuskan strategi pemuliaan yang efektif, terutama dalam pemilihan tetua berdasarkan karakter agro-morfologi yang ditargetkan.

Keywords

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34 authors · 106 co-authorship links

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Ade IsmailAffiliation unknown4
Pujawati SuryatmanaAffiliation unknown3
Kintan Widya PangestikaAffiliation unknown3
Reginawanti HindersahAffiliation unknown2
Rija SudirjaAffiliation unknown2
Emma Trinurani SofyanAffiliation unknown2
Rhazista NoviardiAffiliation unknown2
Neni RostiniAffiliation unknown2
Reviana AuliaAffiliation unknown2
Haris MaulanaAffiliation unknown2
Acep Atma WijayaAffiliation unknown1
Hana D RahayuAffiliation unknown1
Adi R. H. OksifaAffiliation unknown1
Meddy RachmadiAffiliation unknown1
Andina ChotimahAffiliation unknown1
Asana MatsuuraAffiliation unknown1
Yeni Wispa DewiAffiliation unknown1
Yuyun YuwariahAffiliation unknown1
Dedi RuswandiAffiliation unknown1
Fakhri Nasharul SyihabAffiliation unknown1
Dwi SusantoAffiliation unknown1
Yenny MulianiAffiliation unknown1
Ida AdvianyAffiliation unknown1
Neng Tita NursintaAffiliation unknown1
Yusup HidayatAffiliation unknown1
Vera Oktavia SubarjaAffiliation unknown1
Mieke Rochimi SetiawatiAffiliation unknown1
Benny JoyAffiliation unknown1
Muhamad Rachman DjuwansahAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/oai, first harvested 7 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Genetic variability in 12 butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) accessions: a dual approach with cluster and principal component analysis</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Algina, Azka</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ustari, Debby</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wicaksono, Arif Affan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Concibido, Vergel</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Karuniawan, Agung</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">cluster analysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Euclidean</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">genetic distance</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">high-yield</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">parent line</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Understanding genetic variability is crucial for enhancing the breeding programs of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.), particularly in the face of the demand for improved crop varieties. This study aims to (i) evaluate the genetic variability of 12 butterfly pea accessions based on 28 agro-morphological traits and (ii) analyze the genetic relationships among these accessions. The research was conducted from December 2022 to October 2023 at the Ciparanje Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experimental design employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 12 accessions and three replications. Observations were made on 28 agro-morphological traits. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). ANOVA results indicated significant diversity among the 12 accessions based on 17 agro-morphological traits. PCA results showed that the first six principal components accounted for 89.1% of the total genetic variability and identified all traits as contributing factors to the genetic variability among the accessions. AHC analysis grouped the accessions into two main clusters, with Euclidean distances ranging from 1.00 to 4.00, indicating varying levels of genetic relatedness. These findings underscore the importance of genetic variability in formulating breeding strategies, particularly in the selection of parents based on targeted agro-morphological traits.

ABSTRAK

Informasi keragaman genetik sangat penting untuk mendukung program pemuliaan tanaman telang (Clitoria ternatea L.), khususnya dalam menghadapi permintaan varietas unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (i) mengevaluasi keragaman genetik dari 12 aksesi kembang  telang  berdasarkan  28  karakter  agro-morfologi  dan  (ii)  menganalisis  hubungan genetik di antara aksesi-aksesi tersebut berdasarkan 28 karakter agro-morfologi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Desember 2022 hingga Oktober 2023 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Desain eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan 12 aksesi dan tiga ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 28 karakter agro-morfologi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis varians (ANOVA), analisis komponen utama (PCA), dan pengelompokan hierarki aglomeratif (AHC). Hasil analisis ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa 12 aksesi telang beragam secara signifikan berdasarkan 17 karakter agro-morfologi. Hasil PCA menunjukkan bahwa enam komponen utama pertama menjelaskan 89,1% dari total keragaman genetik dan mengidentifikasi 28 karakter agro-morfologi sebagai karakter yang berkontribusi terhadap keragaman genetik 12 aksesi telang.  Analisis AHC mengelompokkan 12 aksesi menjadi dua kelompok utama dengan jarak Euclidean berkisar antara 1,00 hingga 4,00, mengindikasikan tingkat kekerabatan genetik yang jauh. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya keragaman genetik dalam merumuskan strategi pemuliaan yang efektif, terutama dalam pemilihan tetua berdasarkan karakter agro-morfologi yang ditargetkan.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Jurusan Agroteknologi</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-01-03</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/article/view/37117</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15575/37117</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal AGRO; Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024); 29-44</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2407-7933</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/article/view/37117/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Azka Algina, Debby Ustari, Arif Affan Wicaksono, Tarkus Suganda, Vergel Concibido, Agung Karuniawan</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>