Prediksi dan Verifikasi Hibrida Jagung Pulut Manis Berdaya Hasil Tinggi Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Kernel, Biokimia, dan Molekuler

Abstract

Waxy sweet corn is a commodity with high economic value due to its distinctive taste and high sugar content; however, the availability of superior high-yielding hybrid varieties remains limited. This study aimed to predict and verify superior waxy sweet corn hybrids based on kernel morphology, biochemical, and molecular. The research was conducted at the Pasir Kuda Experimental Field, Bogor, and the BRIN Cibinong Genomics Laboratory. Parental lines were planted from November 2024 to March 2025 using five waxy corn inbred lines, two sweet corn inbred lines, while the first-generation (F1) hybrids were planted from July to October 2025 using two waxy sweet corn hybrid genotypes. The field experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with one factor and three replications. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, estimation of genetic parameters, variance components, broad-sense heritability, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, and cluster analysis. The results showed phenotypic variation in kernel color, shape, and size. In addition, the genetic coefficient of variation for glucose, fructose, and kernel length was classified as wide, while total soluble solids, kernel width, and kernel thickness were classified as moderate, and all characters exhibited high heritability values. Cluster analysis based on morphological, biochemical, and RAPD molecular marker characters separated the seven lines into two main groups. Hybrid H2 (JPM 12P3 × JPS 1361K1) showed the highest yield potential and can therefore be recommended as a prospective superior waxy sweet corn hybrid candidate. Keywords: Cluster analysis, Genotypic, Heritability, kernel, Phenotypic ABSTRAK Jagung pulut manis merupakan komoditas bernilai ekonomi tinggi dengan cita rasa khas dan kandungan gula tinggi, namun ketersediaan varietas hibrida unggul berdaya hasil tinggi masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi dan memverifikasi hibrida jagung pulut manis unggul berdasarkan karakter morfologi kernel, biokimia, dan molekuler. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Pasir Kuda, Bogor, dan Laboratorium Genomik BRIN Cibinong. Penanaman tetua dilakukan pada bulan November 2024 sampai Maret 2025 menggunakan lima galur jagung pulut dan dua galur jagung manis, sedangkan Penanaman hibrida generasi pertama (F1) dilakukan pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2025 menggunakan dua genotipe hibrida jagung pulut manis. Percobaan lapangan menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dengan satu faktor dan tiga ulangan. Data diolah dengan menggunakan analisis ragam, pendugaan parameter genetik, komponen ragam, heritabilitas arti luas, koefisien keragaman genotipik dan fenotipik serta analisis kluster. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keragaman fenotipik pada warna, bentuk, dan ukuran kernel. Selain itu, diperoleh informasi bahwa koefisien keragaman genetik pada karakter glukosa, fruktosa, dan panjang kernel tergolong dalam kategori luas, sedangkan karakter padatan terlarut total, lebar kernel, dan tebal kernel termasuk sedang serta seluruh karakter menunjukkan nilai heritabilitas tinggi. Analisis klaster yang didasarkan pada karakter morfologi, biokimia, dan marka molekuler RAPD memisahkan tujuh galur ke dalam dua kelompok utama. Hibrida H2 (JPM 12P3 × JPS 1361K1) menunjukkan potensi hasil tertinggi sehingga dapat direkomendasikan sebagai kandidat hibrida jagung pulut manis prospektif. Kata kunci: Analisis klaster, fenotipik, genotipik, Heritabilitas, kernel

Keywords

• analisis klaster
• fenotipik
• genotipik
• heritabilitas
• kernel