Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Open access Journal

Integrating Computational Thinking and Spirituality in Developing Students’ Critical Thinking: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Malaysia

Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun · Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 413–438

DOI
10.26811/peuradeun.v14i1.2439
ISSN
2443-2067, 2338-8617
Published
2026-01-30
Publisher
SCAD Independent
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Global educational challenges demand the development of critical thinking through approaches that integrate cognitive and ethical dimensions. This study examines how computational thinking and spirituality contribute to the development of students’ critical thinking skills in Indonesia and Malaysia. Using a quantitative design, data were collected from university students in both countries and analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The analysis reveals that computational thinking plays a more influential role in shaping students’ critical thinking in Malaysia, reflecting the strong emphasis on analytical and digital reasoning in instructional practices. In contrast, spirituality makes a stronger contribution in the Indonesian context, underscoring the importance of moral and spiritual values in supporting reflective and ethical reasoning. These differences highlight the role of cultural and pedagogical contexts in shaping cognitive development. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that integrating computational thinking and spirituality provides a holistic framework for strengthening students’ critical thinking, offering relevant implications for curriculum design and educational policy in higher education.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

30 authors · 71 co-authorship links

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Muhamad YasinAffiliation unknown1
Moh Anas KholishAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad Imron RozuliAffiliation unknown1
Ulfa UlfaAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad BariziAffiliation unknown1
Mufidah C.H.Affiliation unknown1
Fachrul KurniawanUniversitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim1
Zawawi IsmailAffiliation unknown1
Nurwaina RasitAffiliation unknown1
Mohd Fathi SarimanAffiliation unknown1
Noor Hazarina HashimAffiliation unknown1
Sumin SuminAffiliation unknown1
Sukino SukinoAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad SalimAffiliation unknown1
Erwin MahrusAffiliation unknown1
Imron MuttaqinAffiliation unknown1
Ana Haziqah A RashidAffiliation unknown1
Nurbiha A ShukorAffiliation unknown1
Kew Si NaAffiliation unknown1
Suyadi SuyadiAffiliation unknown1
Zalik NuryanaAffiliation unknown1
Wenbin XuAffiliation unknown1
Shiqi LuAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.scadindependent.org/index.php/jipeuradeun/oai, first harvested 7 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Integrating Computational Thinking and Spirituality in Developing Students’ Critical Thinking: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Malaysia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Susilawati, Samsul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Supriyatno, Triyo </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yasin, Ahmad Fatah </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Tasir, Zaidatun </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Asmawati, Rika Inggit </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Chakim, Abdulloh </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Dalle, Abd. Rahman Ambo’</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Computational Thinking</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Critical Thinking</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Spirituality</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Higher Education</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cross-National Study</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Education</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Religious Studies</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Global educational challenges demand the development of critical thinking through approaches that integrate cognitive and ethical dimensions. This study examines how computational thinking and spirituality contribute to the development of students’ critical thinking skills in Indonesia and Malaysia. Using a quantitative design, data were collected from university students in both countries and analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The analysis reveals that computational thinking plays a more influential role in shaping students’ critical thinking in Malaysia, reflecting the strong emphasis on analytical and digital reasoning in instructional practices. In contrast, spirituality makes a stronger contribution in the Indonesian context, underscoring the importance of moral and spiritual values in supporting reflective and ethical reasoning. These differences highlight the role of cultural and pedagogical contexts in shaping cognitive development. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that integrating computational thinking and spirituality provides a holistic framework for strengthening students’ critical thinking, offering relevant implications for curriculum design and educational policy in higher education.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">SCAD Independent</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-01-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.scadindependent.org/index.php/jipeuradeun/article/view/2439</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.26811/peuradeun.v14i1.2439</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun; 413-438</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2443-2067</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-8617</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.scadindependent.org/index.php/jipeuradeun/article/view/2439/1158</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.scadindependent.org/index.php/jipeuradeun/article/view/2439/1180</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Samsul Susilawati, Triyo  Supriyatno, Ahmad Fatah  Yasin, Zaidatun  Tasir, Rika Inggit  Asmawati, Abdulloh  Chakim, Abd. Rahman Ambo’ Dalle (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>