Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Open access Journal

The adversity on establishing places of worship: has religious freedom failed in Indonesia?

Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum · Vol. 29 No. 1 (2021) · pp. 93–113

DOI
10.22219/ljih.v29i1.15317
ISSN
2549-4600, 0854-6509
Published
2021-02-15
Publisher
Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Religious freedom has various interpretations in practice, although the rule of law regulates this right. In many cases, freedom of religion is closely related to human rights and security studies, however, not infrequently, the cases intersect with political policies. This paper aims to analyze various cases regarding religious freedom in Indonesia concerning human rights. This paper examines various phenomena related to difficulties and establishing places of worship, especially for certain groups in Indonesia in various policies and legal regulations in Indonesia. The method used for this research is non-empirical research. All data dan information analyzed come up from various previous research. This paper found and underlined that debates on the relativity of human rights often lead to different perceptions in human rights standards. Various laws relating to communities of places of worship, in many cases and considered by many experts to violate the basic principles of human rights. This paper also emphasized that the fulfillment of human rights in Indonesia concerning religious freedom cannot be separated from historical, sociological, and cultural factors of the Indonesian people themselves.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 190 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Rodiyah RodiyahAffiliation unknown31
Anis WidyawatiAffiliation unknown20
Rasdi RasdiAffiliation unknown14
Muhammad Iqbal BaiquniAffiliation unknown13
Nadiyah Meyliana PutriAffiliation unknown12
Riska AlkadriAffiliation unknown11
Ngboawaji Daniel NteAffiliation unknown9
Septhian Eka AdiyatmaAffiliation unknown9
Asmarani RamliAffiliation unknown9
Indah Sri UtariAffiliation unknown8
Ali MasyharAffiliation unknown8
Nurul FibriantiAffiliation unknown8
Bayangsari WedhatamiAffiliation unknown8
Siti Hafsyah IdrisAffiliation unknown8
R Benny RiyantoAffiliation unknown6
Asyaffa Ridzqi AmandhaAffiliation unknown6
Fitria DamayantiAffiliation unknown6
Riki JuliantoAffiliation unknown5
Muhammad Wahyu Saiful HudaAffiliation unknown5
Kartika Fajar CahyaniAffiliation unknown5
Adinda Ratna PertiwiAffiliation unknown5
Layla Putri AulyaAffiliation unknown5
Muhammad Azil MaskurAffiliation unknown4
Sonny Saptoajie WicaksonoAffiliation unknown4
Karsinah KarsinahAffiliation unknown4
Bintang Rafli AnantaAffiliation unknown4
Zainurohmah ZainurohmahAffiliation unknown4
Yustina Dhian NovitaAffiliation unknown4
Nur Arif NugrahaAffiliation unknown4
Ahsana NadiyyaAffiliation unknown4
Heru SetyantoAffiliation unknown4
Souad EzzeroualiAffiliation unknown3
Dewi Puspa SariAffiliation unknown3
Robert Brian SmithAffiliation unknown3
Shofriya Qonitatin AbidahAffiliation unknown3

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/legality/oai, first harvested 7 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The adversity on establishing places of worship: has religious freedom failed in Indonesia?</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Arifin, Ridwan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Helmi, Hanif</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nte, Ngaboawaji Daniel</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Waspiah, Waspiah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Latifiani, Dian</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Human rights</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">religious freedom</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Indonesian religious policy</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Security studies</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Religious freedom has various interpretations in practice, although the rule of law regulates this right. In many cases, freedom of religion is closely related to human rights and security studies, however, not infrequently, the cases intersect with political policies. This paper aims to analyze various cases regarding religious freedom in Indonesia concerning human rights. This paper examines various phenomena related to difficulties and establishing places of worship, especially for certain groups in Indonesia in various policies and legal regulations in Indonesia. The method used for this research is non-empirical research. All data dan information analyzed come up from various previous research. This paper found and underlined that debates on the relativity of human rights often lead to different perceptions in human rights standards. Various laws relating to communities of places of worship, in many cases and considered by many experts to violate the basic principles of human rights. This paper also emphasized that the fulfillment of human rights in Indonesia concerning religious freedom cannot be separated from historical, sociological, and cultural factors of the Indonesian people themselves.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyah Malang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2021-02-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/legality/article/view/15317</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22219/ljih.v29i1.15317</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum; Vol. 29 No. 1 (2021): March; 93-113</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-4600</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0854-6509</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/legality/article/view/15317/8938</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2021 Ridwan Arifin, Hanif Helmi, Ngaboawaji Daniel Nte, Waspiah Waspiah, Dian Latifiani</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>