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Diphtheria Epidemiology in Indonesia during 2010-2017

ACTA MEDICA INDONESIANA · Vol. 51 No. 3 (2019)

ISSN
2338-2732, 0125-9326
Published
2019-11-07
Publisher
The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine
Language
eng

Abstract

Background: in recent years, diphtheria has reemerged in several countries including Venezuela, Yemen, Bangladesh, and Haiti. Similarly, Indonesia also showed an increased number of diphtheria cases in 2010-2017 despite the Diphteria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTP) immunization program applied in Indonesia for children. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of diphtheria cases which occurred in Indonesia during 2010-2017. Methods: this was a retrospective study of diphtheria cases in Indonesia. The following source of data about diphtheria disease burden and vaccine coverage was obtained from Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Indonesian Pediatric Society and World Health Organization South East Asia Regional Office. Results: the number of diphtheria cases in Indonesia were distributed across 30 provinces with a total of 811 cases in 2011; 1,192 cases in 2012; 296 cases in 2014; and 939 cases in 2017. Based on age group, the highest number of case fatality rate were in age group of 5-9 years old. Diphtheria immunization coverage in Indonesia among children was fluctuated, reported as 67.7 % in 2007, 61.9 % in 2010, 75.6% in 2013 and 61.3% in 2018. In addition to that, the organization of internal medicine has recommend booster of DPT immunization every 10 years for those children that had received complete DPT vaccination during childhood, however this was not applied. As the countermeasure towards this trend, the Ministry of Health implemented three rounds of Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI) targeted for the age group of 0-1-6 months old and 1-18 years old in 2017 and tailor approached for adults that had exposed to cases. Banten, DKI Jakarta and West Java were the first three provinces to implement this program considering their condensed population and high risk of disease transmission. Conclusion: in Indonesia, there was dramatic increase of diphtheria case in 2010-2017, where immunization in children should be reinforced by increasing coverage more than 95% and adult boosted vaccination approaches should be initiated to prevent the spread of these fatal diphtheria diseases in Indonesia.

Keywords

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40 authors · 223 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Robert SintoAffiliation unknown5
Khie Chen LieAffiliation unknown4
Leonard NainggolanAffiliation unknown3
Sharifah ShakinahAffiliation unknown3
Cleopas Martin RumendeAffiliation unknown3
Rahajeng N TunjungputriAffiliation unknown2
Randy AdiwinataAffiliation unknown2
Ikhwan RinaldiAffiliation unknown2
ROBIATUL ADAWIYAHAffiliation unknown2
Rudyanto SedonoAffiliation unknown2
Heidy AgustinAffiliation unknown2
Anna RozaliyaniAffiliation unknown2
Findra SetianingrumAffiliation unknown2
Yulia Rosa SaharmanAffiliation unknown2
Dita AditianingsihAffiliation unknown2
Adityo SusiloAffiliation unknown2
Mardiastuti WahidAffiliation unknown2
Siti PratiekauriAffiliation unknown2
Fathiyah IsbaniahAffiliation unknown2
Vera IrawanyAffiliation unknown2
Debbie LatupeirissaAffiliation unknown2
Nina Dwi PutriAffiliation unknown2
Partini Pudjiastuti TrihonoAffiliation unknown1
Lia RhodiaAffiliation unknown1
Djoko WidodoAffiliation unknown1
Narottama TunjungAffiliation unknown1
Adeline PasaribuAffiliation unknown1
Hamzah ShatriAffiliation unknown1
Ari Fahrial SyamAffiliation unknown1
Murdani AbdullahAffiliation unknown1
Ignatius Bima PrasetyaAffiliation unknown1
Haryanto SuryaAffiliation unknown1
Benedictus StefanusAffiliation unknown1
Irsan HasanAffiliation unknown1
Ris Raihan FelimAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Diphtheria Epidemiology in Indonesia during 2010-2017</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Karyanti, Mulya Rahma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nelwan, Erni Juwita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Assyidiqie, Iqbal Zein</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Satari, Hindra Irawan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hadinegoro, Sri Rezeki</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">tropical disease</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">infection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">diphtheria</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">epidemiology</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">immunization</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: in recent years, diphtheria has reemerged in several countries including Venezuela, Yemen, Bangladesh, and Haiti. Similarly, Indonesia also showed an increased number of diphtheria cases in 2010-2017 despite the Diphteria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTP) immunization program applied in Indonesia for children. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of diphtheria cases which occurred in Indonesia during 2010-2017. Methods: this was a retrospective study of diphtheria cases in Indonesia. The following source of data about diphtheria disease burden and vaccine coverage was obtained from Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Indonesian Pediatric Society and World Health Organization South East Asia Regional Office. Results: the number of diphtheria cases in Indonesia were distributed across 30 provinces with a total of 811 cases in 2011; 1,192 cases in 2012; 296 cases in 2014; and 939 cases in 2017. Based on age group, the highest number of case fatality rate were in age group of 5-9 years old. Diphtheria immunization coverage in Indonesia among children was fluctuated, reported as 67.7 % in 2007, 61.9 % in 2010, 75.6% in 2013 and 61.3% in 2018. In addition to that, the organization of internal medicine has recommend booster of DPT immunization every 10 years for those children that had received complete DPT vaccination during childhood, however this was not applied. As the countermeasure towards this trend, the Ministry of Health implemented three rounds of Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI) targeted for the age group of 0-1-6 months old and 1-18 years old in 2017 and tailor approached for adults that had exposed to cases. Banten, DKI Jakarta and West Java were the first three provinces to implement this program considering their condensed population and high risk of disease transmission. Conclusion: in Indonesia, there was dramatic increase of diphtheria case in 2010-2017, where immunization in children should be reinforced by increasing coverage more than 95% and adult boosted vaccination approaches should be initiated to prevent the spread of these fatal diphtheria diseases in Indonesia.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2019-11-07</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1077</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Acta Medica Indonesiana; Vol. 51 No. 3 (2019): Acta Medica Indonesiana; 205</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-2732</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0125-9326</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1077/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2019 Acta Medica Indonesiana</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>