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COVID-19 Vaccines: Current Status and Implication for Use in Indonesia

ACTA MEDICA INDONESIANA · Vol. 52 No. 4 (2020)

ISSN
2338-2732, 0125-9326
Published
2020-12-28
Publisher
The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine
Language
eng

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has inflicted catastrophic damages in public health, economic and social stability—putting life globally on hold in 2020 and presumably a year more. Indonesia bears a heavy burden of the pandemic, counting the highest case prevalence and fatality rate in all of Southeast Asia. One hope remains in the groundbreaking universal effort in search of a vaccine against the causative virus SARS-CoV-2, which has shown success unparalleled in human vaccine development thus far. An array of modalities including novel techniques are being utilized as vaccine platforms, with the closest to phase III clinical trial completion being mRNA (manufactured by Moderna and BioNTech/Pfizer), inactivated virus (Sinovac, Sinopharm), viral vector (Oxford/AstraZeneca, Gamaleya, Janssen/Johnson&Johnson, CanSino), and protein subunit (Novavax). The vaccine produced by BioNTech/Pfizer has been deployed to the public as the first ever licensed COVID-19 vaccine. In this review, we will review all of these modalities on their safety and immunogenicity, phase II/III trial results of the nine vaccine candidates and current situation as of 29 December 2020, as well as the implication for use and distribution in Indonesia. COVID-19 vaccine progress, however, is moving exceedingly fast and new advances are unfolding on a daily basis, to which we hope an update to this review can be published in early 2021.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 313 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Rudi PutrantoAffiliation unknown12
Teguh Harjono KarjadiAffiliation unknown11
Pringgodigdo NugrohoAffiliation unknown10
Eka GinanjarAffiliation unknown10
Sally Aman NasutionAffiliation unknown9
Hamzah ShatriAffiliation unknown8
Agus Joko SusantoAffiliation unknown8
Kuntjoro HarimurtiAffiliation unknown7
Cissy KartasasmitaAffiliation unknown7
Andi Makbul AmanAffiliation unknown7
Ketut SuastikaAffiliation unknown7
Chyntia Olivia Maurine JasirwanAffiliation unknown6
Dyah PurnamasariAffiliation unknown6
Cleopas Martin RumendeAffiliation unknown5
Ikhwan RinaldiAffiliation unknown4
Siti SetiatiAffiliation unknown4
Nia KurniatiAffiliation unknown3
Juferdy KurniawanAffiliation unknown3
Andhika RachmanAffiliation unknown3
Lugyanti SukrismanAffiliation unknown3
Rudy HidayatAffiliation unknown3
Robert SintoAffiliation unknown3
Cleopas M RumendeAffiliation unknown2
Erni J NelwanAffiliation unknown2
Adityo SusiloAffiliation unknown2
Raden Irawati IsmailAffiliation unknown2
Simon SalimAffiliation unknown2
Nurul Inayah RahmaniAffiliation unknown2
Pradana SoewondoAffiliation unknown2
Fera IbrahimAffiliation unknown2
Nafrialdi NafrialdiAffiliation unknown2

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">COVID-19 Vaccines: Current Status and Implication for Use in Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Ophinni, Youdiil</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hasibuan, Anshari Saifuddin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Widhani, Alvina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Maria, Suzy</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Koesnoe, Sukamto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yunihastuti, Evy</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Karjadi, Teguh H</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rengganis, Iris</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Djauzi, Samsuridjal</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">vaccine</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">COVID-19</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Indonesia</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has inflicted catastrophic damages in public health, economic and social stability—putting life globally on hold in 2020 and presumably a year more. Indonesia bears a heavy burden of the pandemic, counting the highest case prevalence and fatality rate in all of Southeast Asia. One hope remains in the groundbreaking universal effort in search of a vaccine against the causative virus SARS-CoV-2, which has shown success unparalleled in human vaccine development thus far. An array of modalities including novel techniques are being utilized as vaccine platforms, with the closest to phase III clinical trial completion being mRNA (manufactured by Moderna and BioNTech/Pfizer), inactivated virus (Sinovac, Sinopharm), viral vector (Oxford/AstraZeneca, Gamaleya, Janssen/Johnson&amp;amp;Johnson, CanSino), and protein subunit (Novavax). The vaccine produced by BioNTech/Pfizer has been deployed to the public as the first ever licensed COVID-19 vaccine. In this review, we will review all of these modalities on their safety and immunogenicity, phase II/III trial results of the nine vaccine candidates and current situation as of 29 December 2020, as well as the implication for use and distribution in Indonesia. COVID-19 vaccine progress, however, is moving exceedingly fast and new advances are unfolding on a daily basis, to which we hope an update to this review can be published in early 2021.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2020-12-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1648</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Acta Medica Indonesiana; Vol. 52 No. 4 (2020): Acta Medica Indonesiana; 388</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-2732</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0125-9326</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1648/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2020 Acta Medica Indonesiana</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>