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The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Symptoms of Depression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

ACTA MEDICA INDONESIANA · Vol. 54 No. 4 (2023)

ISSN
2338-2732, 0125-9326
Published
2023-01-10
Publisher
The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine
Language
eng

Abstract

Background: The effect of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms in people with type 2 diabetes is still up for debate. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on symptoms of depression in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: The protocol for this review has been registered in PROSPERO:CRD42021231713. Searching for literature was conducted using Pubmed, EBSCOhost, and EMBASE. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) regarding vitamin D supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients with depression were retrieved through a systematic search. The outcome measured was a change in depressive symptoms evaluated with any validated rating scale. Independent data extraction was conducted, and the study quality was assessed. A meta-analysis was carried out to calculate the improvement in depressive symptoms in the group receiving vitamin D and the control group. The available evidence in RCTs was analysed using the PRISMA approach, and clinical significance was determined using the GRADE system. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results: Four RCTs were reviewed and three RCTs were meta-analysed. In two studies, vitamin D was statistically effective in improving depressive symptoms in type 2 diabetic patients. Three randomised controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis with 161 subjects using depression score as an outcome assessment. Vitamin D is significantly more effective than placebo (95% CI: -0.70 to - 0.08, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation may improve the depressive symptoms in type 2 diabetic patients. Future research with different geographical areas and larger samples should be done to further assess the benefits.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 317 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • University of Indonesia
  • Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Cleopas Martin RumendeAffiliation unknown20
Edward FaisalAffiliation unknown19
Ikhwan RinaldiAffiliation unknown16
Jessica MarsigitAffiliation unknown14
Idrus AlwiAffiliation unknown13
Rahmi IstantiAffiliation unknown13
Murdani AbdullahAffiliation unknown12
Muhammad Khifzhon AzwarAffiliation unknown12
Iris RengganisAffiliation unknown12
Em YunirUniversity of Indonesia12
Noto DwimartutieAffiliation unknown11
Eka GinanjarAffiliation unknown10
Roza MulyanaAffiliation unknown9
Alvina WidhaniAffiliation unknown9
Pringgodigdo NugrohoAffiliation unknown9
Dyah PurnamasariAffiliation unknown9
Rensa RensaAffiliation unknown8
Aulia RizkaAffiliation unknown8
Ari Fahrial SyamAffiliation unknown8
Cosphiadi IrawanAffiliation unknown8
Pradana SoewondoAffiliation unknown8
Juferdy KurniawanAffiliation unknown8
Dadang MakmunAffiliation unknown7
Rudy HidayatAffiliation unknown7
Muhammad YaminInstitut Agama Islam Negeri Bone7
Nur RiviatiAffiliation unknown6
Esthika DewiastyAffiliation unknown5
Aida LydiaAffiliation unknown5
Dicky Levenus TahaparyAffiliation unknown5
Dono AntonoAffiliation unknown4
Cleopas M RumendeAffiliation unknown4
Ika Prasetya WijayaAffiliation unknown4

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Symptoms of Depression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Putranto, Rudi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Harimurti, Kuntjoro</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Setiati, Siti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Safitri, Eka Dian</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Saldi, Siti Rizny F</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Subekti, Imam</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nasrun, Martina Wiwie S</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Shatri, Hamzah</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">depression</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">type 2 diabetes mellitus</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">vitamin D</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">psychosomatic</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: The effect of vitamin D supplementation on depressive  symptoms in people with type 2 diabetes is still up for debate. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on symptoms of depression in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: The protocol for this review has been registered in PROSPERO:CRD42021231713. Searching for literature was conducted using Pubmed, EBSCOhost, and EMBASE. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) regarding vitamin D supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients with depression were retrieved through a systematic search. The outcome measured was a change in depressive symptoms evaluated with any validated rating scale. Independent data extraction was conducted, and the study quality was assessed. A meta-analysis was carried out to calculate the improvement in depressive symptoms in the group receiving vitamin D and the control group. The available evidence in RCTs was analysed using the PRISMA approach, and clinical significance was determined using the GRADE system. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results: Four RCTs were reviewed and three RCTs were meta-analysed. In two studies, vitamin D was statistically effective in improving depressive symptoms in type 2 diabetic patients. Three randomised controlled trials  were included in the meta-analysis with 161 subjects using depression score as an outcome assessment. Vitamin D is significantly more effective than placebo (95% CI: -0.70 to - 0.08, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation may improve the depressive symptoms in type 2 diabetic patients. Future research with different geographical areas and larger samples should be done to further assess the benefits.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2023-01-10</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">systematic review, meta analysis</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/2171</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Acta Medica Indonesiana; Vol. 54 No. 4 (2022): Acta Medica Indonesiana; 574</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-2732</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0125-9326</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/2171/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2023 Rudi Putranto</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>