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Association Between Leptin and Adiponectin Levels and Sarcopenia in Non-Geriatric Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

ACTA MEDICA INDONESIANA · Vol. 57 No. 3 (2025)

ISSN
2338-2732, 0125-9326
Published
2025-10-03
Publisher
The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in young adults is associated with an increased risk of early sarcopenia due to insulin resistance and inflammation. This insulin resistance and inflammation can be influenced by leptin and adiponectin, which are key adipocytokines produced by adipose cells. However, no studies have examined the relationship between leptin, adiponectin levels, and sarcopenia in T2DM patients under 60 years old. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between leptin, adiponectin levels, and Leptin-to-Adiponectin ratio (LAR) with sarcopenia in non-geriatric T2DM patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to April 2022. The subjects consisted of T2DM patients aged 18-59 years at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Baseline data were sourced from a primary study, while stored serum samples were analyzed for leptin and adiponectin using ELISA. Leptin and adiponectin differences were assessed statistically using the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for additional analysis. Results: Among 97 subjects, 4 (4.1%) had sarcopenia, while 34 out of 93 non-sarcopenic subjects belonged to the possible sarcopenia category. Bivariate analysis results showed significant differences between leptin levels (p=0.005) and the Leptin-to-Adiponectin Ratio (LAR) (p=0.003) with sarcopenia in non-geriatric T2DM patients. Meanwhile, adiponectin levels (p=0.799) did not show statistical differences. Further analysis was conducted among three groups, namely sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia, and non-sarcopenia. The result showed statistically significant differences in leptin and LAR levels between sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia (leptin p=0.004; LAR p=0.007) as well as sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia (leptin p=0.038; LAR p=0.011). Conclusion: Leptin levels and LAR were associated with sarcopenia in a non-geriatric T2DM population.

Keywords

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40 authors · 329 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Siti SetiatiAffiliation unknown15
Alvina WidhaniAffiliation unknown11
Ikhwan RinaldiAffiliation unknown11
Khie Chen LieAffiliation unknown9
Evy YunihastutiAffiliation unknown9
Kuntjoro HarimurtiAffiliation unknown8
Eka GinanjarAffiliation unknown8
Anshari Saifuddin HasibuanAffiliation unknown7
Leonard NainggolanAffiliation unknown7
Hamzah ShatriAffiliation unknown7
Sally Aman NasutionAffiliation unknown7
Suzy MariaAffiliation unknown6
Sharifah ShakinahAffiliation unknown6
Erni Juwita NelwanAffiliation unknown5
Pradana SoewondoAffiliation unknown5
Adityo SusiloAffiliation unknown5
Irsan HasanAffiliation unknown5
Roza MulyanaAffiliation unknown4
Adeline PasaribuAffiliation unknown4
Lugyanti SukrismanAffiliation unknown4
Iris RengganisAffiliation unknown4
Rahmi IstantiAffiliation unknown4
Cleopas Martin RumendeAffiliation unknown4
Murdani AbdullahAffiliation unknown4
Pringgodigdo NugrohoAffiliation unknown4
Rudi PutrantoAffiliation unknown4
Chyntia Olivia Maurine JasirwanAffiliation unknown4
Randy AdiwinataAffiliation unknown3
Imam SubektiAffiliation unknown3
Wismandari WisnuAffiliation unknown3
Teguh Harjono KarjadiAffiliation unknown3
Samsuridjal DjauziAffiliation unknown3

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Association Between Leptin and Adiponectin Levels and Sarcopenia in Non-Geriatric Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Husam, Khoirul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Laksmi, Purwita Wijaya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sinto, Robert</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rachman, Andhika</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hidayat, Rudy</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Koesnoe, Sukamto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Dwimartutie, Noto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Purnamasari, Dyah</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">diabetes mellitus</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">sarcopenia</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">leptin</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">adiponectin</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">non-geriatric</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in young adults is associated with an increased risk of early sarcopenia due to insulin resistance and inflammation. This insulin resistance and inflammation can be influenced by leptin and adiponectin, which are key adipocytokines produced by adipose cells. However, no studies have examined the relationship between leptin, adiponectin levels, and sarcopenia in T2DM patients under 60 years old. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between leptin, adiponectin levels, and Leptin-to-Adiponectin ratio (LAR) with sarcopenia in non-geriatric T2DM patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to April 2022. The subjects consisted of T2DM patients aged 18-59 years at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Baseline data were sourced from a primary study, while stored serum samples were analyzed for leptin and adiponectin using ELISA. Leptin and adiponectin differences were assessed statistically using the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for additional analysis. Results: Among 97 subjects, 4 (4.1%) had sarcopenia, while 34 out of 93 non-sarcopenic subjects belonged to the possible sarcopenia category. Bivariate analysis results showed significant differences between leptin levels (p=0.005) and the Leptin-to-Adiponectin Ratio (LAR) (p=0.003) with sarcopenia in non-geriatric T2DM patients. Meanwhile, adiponectin levels (p=0.799) did not show statistical differences. Further analysis was conducted among three groups, namely sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia, and non-sarcopenia. The result showed statistically significant differences in leptin and LAR levels between sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia (leptin p=0.004; LAR p=0.007) as well as sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia (leptin p=0.038; LAR p=0.011). Conclusion: Leptin levels and LAR were associated with sarcopenia in a non-geriatric T2DM population.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-10-03</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/2936</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Acta Medica Indonesiana; Vol. 57 No. 3 (2025): Acta Medica Indonesiana; 353</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-2732</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0125-9326</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/2936/814</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Khoirul Husam, Purwita Wijaya Laksmi, Robert Sinto, Andhika Rachman, Rudy Hidayat, Sukamto Koesnoe, Noto Dwimartutie, Dyah Purnamasari</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>