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Components of Sarcopenia and Frailty in Relation to Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: An Ambispective Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital

ACTA MEDICA INDONESIANA · Vol. 58 No. 1 (2026)

ISSN
2338-2732, 0125-9326
Published
2026-04-09
Publisher
The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

Background: Sarcopenia and frailty are common geriatric syndromes that may contribute to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Evidence regarding the independent roles of individual sarcopenia components and frailty in MCI remains limited in low- and middle-income countries. This study evaluated the association between sarcopenia components, frailty, and MCI among older adults in Indonesia. Methods: An ambispective cohort study was conducted among adults aged ≥60 years attending the Geriatric Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta. Sarcopenia components were assessed using SARC-Calf (low muscle mass indicator), handgrip strength, and the five-times sit-to-stand test. Frailty was evaluated using the FRAIL scale. Cognitive function was assessed using the Rapid Cognitive Screening. Multivariate log-binomial or Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) for MCI. Results: A total of 121 participants (median age 74 years; 68.6% female) were included, with an MCI prevalence of 21.5%. After adjustment for confounders, low muscle mass indicator (RR 2.206; 95% CI 1.045–4.652) and low muscle strength (RR 3.006; 95% CI 1.202–7.517) were independently associated with MCI. Low physical performance (RR 1.773; 95% CI 0.796–3.773) and frailty (RR 1.086; 95% CI 0.377–3.134) were not significantly associated with MCI. Conclusion: Low muscle mass indicators and reduced muscle strength were independently associated with MCI, supporting the integration of simple sarcopenia screening tools into routine geriatric cognitive assessment.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 309 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Kuntjoro HarimurtiAffiliation unknown20
Hamzah ShatriAffiliation unknown18
Cleopas Martin RumendeAffiliation unknown16
Khie Chen LieAffiliation unknown12
Juferdy KurniawanAffiliation unknown12
Rahmi IstantiAffiliation unknown12
Muhammad Khifzhon AzwarAffiliation unknown10
Leonard NainggolanAffiliation unknown10
Roza MulyanaAffiliation unknown10
Rensa RensaAffiliation unknown10
Rudi PutrantoAffiliation unknown9
Erni Juwita NelwanAffiliation unknown8
Rudy HidayatAffiliation unknown8
Chyntia Olivia Maurine JasirwanAffiliation unknown8
Rino Alvani GaniAffiliation unknown7
Nur RiviatiAffiliation unknown7
Aulia RizkaAffiliation unknown7
Mira YuliantiAffiliation unknown7
Dyah PurnamasariAffiliation unknown7
Sally Aman NasutionAffiliation unknown7
Sharifah ShakinahAffiliation unknown6
Eka Dian SafitriAffiliation unknown6
Siti Rizny F SaldiAffiliation unknown6
Murdani AbdullahAffiliation unknown6
Purwita Wijaya LaksmiAffiliation unknown6
Esthika DewiastyAffiliation unknown5
Ari Fahrial SyamAffiliation unknown5
Andri Sanityoso SulaimanAffiliation unknown5
Andhika RachmanAffiliation unknown5
Dadang MakmunAffiliation unknown4
Muhadi MuhadiAffiliation unknown4

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Components of Sarcopenia and Frailty in Relation to Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: An Ambispective Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Marsigit, Jessica</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Setiati, Siti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Aninditha, Tiara</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rinaldi, Ikhwan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hasan, Irsan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sinto, Robert</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Dwimartutie, Noto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wibowo, Suryo Anggoro Kusumo </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Tenda, Eric Daniel</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">sarcopenia</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">frailty</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">mild cognitive impairment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">rapid cognitive screening</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: Sarcopenia and frailty are common geriatric syndromes that may contribute to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Evidence regarding the independent roles of individual sarcopenia components and frailty in MCI remains limited in low- and middle-income countries. This study evaluated the association between sarcopenia components, frailty, and MCI among older adults in Indonesia. Methods: An ambispective cohort study was conducted among adults aged ≥60 years attending the Geriatric Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta. Sarcopenia components were assessed using SARC-Calf (low muscle mass indicator), handgrip strength, and the five-times sit-to-stand test. Frailty was evaluated using the FRAIL scale. Cognitive function was assessed using the Rapid Cognitive Screening. Multivariate log-binomial or Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) for MCI. Results: A total of 121 participants (median age 74 years; 68.6% female) were included, with an MCI prevalence of 21.5%. After adjustment for confounders, low muscle mass indicator (RR 2.206; 95% CI 1.045–4.652) and low muscle strength (RR 3.006; 95% CI 1.202–7.517) were independently associated with MCI. Low physical performance (RR 1.773; 95% CI 0.796–3.773) and frailty (RR 1.086; 95% CI 0.377–3.134) were not significantly associated with MCI. Conclusion: Low muscle mass indicators and reduced muscle strength were independently associated with MCI, supporting the integration of simple sarcopenia screening tools into routine geriatric cognitive assessment.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-09</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/3336</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Acta Medica Indonesiana; Vol. 58 No. 1 (2026): Acta Medica Indonesiana; 67</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-2732</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0125-9326</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/3336/851</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Jessica Marsigit, Siti Setiati, Tiara Aninditha, Ikhwan Rinaldi, Irsan Hasan, Robert Sinto, Noto Dwimartutie, R. M. Suryo Anggoro, Eric Daniel Tenda</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>