Description of Parental Feeding Style and Eating Behavior of Under Five Children with Obese in Regency of Kebumen: Gambaran Pola Asuh Orang Tua dan Perilaku Makan Balita Obesitas di Kabupaten Kebumen
Gambaran Pola Asuh Orang Tua dan Perilaku Makan Balita Obesitas di Kabupaten Kebumen: Gambaran Pola Asuh Orang Tua dan Perilaku Makan Balita Obesitas di Kabupaten Kebumen
Background: The prevalence of overweight among under-five children in Indonesia continues to increase. According to the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI), in 2022, overweight among those was 3.5%, up 1.3% from 2017, while in Kebumen, it was 3.3%, up 0.9% from 2017. Overweight children have a risk of gross motor development disorders 12 times greater than normal. Currently, few health programs focus on addressing children's obesity. Objectives: To understand the parenting and eating behaviors of obese under five children, serving as a reference for the obesity prevention programs in the Regency of Kebumen. Methods: This research was a descriptive study using qualitative with an in-depth interview approach. The informants were ten individuals, consisting of parents of obese children and nutritionists or midwives from local health centers. Results: Most parents did not force their children to eat. They rarely promised anything to make the children willing to eat and often allowed them to choose their preferred foods. They provided the opportunity to increase their food portions. The frequency of main meals for children was 2 to 3 times a day, with formula milk consumption exceeding 8 bottles per day. Additionally, there was a tendency to consume high-calorie and sugary snacks. Children under one year had a history of consistently providing commercially produced complementary feeding starting at the age of 6 months. Conclusions: An education program based on parenting of demandingness and responsiveness, and appropriate eating habits, is crucial to reducing the prevalence of overweight children in the Regency of Kebumen.
Indonesian
Latar Belakang: Menurut data SSGI tahun 2022, prevalensi gizi lebih pada balita di Indonesia yaitu 3,5%, di Jawa Tengah 3,2% sedangkan di Kabupaten Kebumen sebesar 3,3%. Balita gizi lebih memiliki resiko mengalami gangguan perkembangan motorik kasar sebesar 12 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan balita status gizi normal. Saat ini, masih sedikit program kesehatan yang fokus terhadap pengentasan obesitas pada balita. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pola asuh pemberian makan dan perilaku makan balita obesitas sehingga dapat dijadikan referensi pembuatan program pencegahan balita obesitas di Kabupaten Kebumen. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan wawancara mendalam. Informan berjumlah sepuluh orang terdiri dari informan utama yaitu orang tua balita obesitas dan informan kunci yaitu ahli gizi dan bidan Puskesmas. Hasil: Sebagian besar orang tua balita obesitas tidak berusaha dengan keras untuk menyuruh anaknya makan, jarang menjanjikan sesuatu agar anak bersedia makan, serta sering memperbolehkan anak memilih makanan yang disukainya. Orang tua memberikan kesempatan balita untuk menambah porsi makan serta memperbolehkan mengambil makanannya sendiri. Sebagain besar perilaku makan balita obesitas yaitu frekuensi makan utama 2 sampai 3 kali per hari, frekuensi minum susu formula lebih dari 8 botol per hari, sering mengonsumsi makanan selingan tinggi kalori dan gula. Pada balita dibawah satu tahun, terdapat riwayat selalu diberikan MP ASI pabrikan mulai usia 6 bulan. Kesimpulan: Program edukasi pencegahan balita obesitas berbasis pola asuh parental demandingness dan responsiveness serta pola makan yang tepat sangat diperlukan untuk mengurangi angka gizi lebih pada balita di Kabupaten Kebumen.
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