Family Characteristics, Food Security, Expenditure, and Dietary Diversity among Families with and without Concurrently Wasted and Stunted Children in Semarang: Karakteristik Keluarga, Ketahanan Pangan, Pengeluaran Pangan, dan Keanekaragaman Pangan Keluarga dengan dan tanpa WaSt (Wasting-Stunting) pada Anak di Kota Semarang

Abstract

English

Background: Family characteristics, food security, expenditure, and diversity are indirectly associated with children's nutritional status. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the differences between food security, expenditure, and diversity among children under five with and without concurrent wasting and stunting (WaSt) in Semarang City. Methods: This study utilized an observational analytic approach with cross-sectional design. Subject selection using a consecutive sampling method obtained 72 subjects consisting of 18 subjects in each group of normal, stunted, wasted, and concurrently wasted and stunted (WaSt). Structured questionnaires collected data on the characteristics of fathers, mothers, and families. Interviews were conducted using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), which was obtained to measure food security among families. In contrast, the Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS) was used to obtain food diversity. Differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. A confidence level of 95% was utilized, and the results were significant, with a p-value<0.05 Results: There were significant differences in age, maternal nutrition knowledge, family income, food security, food expenditure, and food diversity between children under five with and without WaSt (p-value=0.010; 0.002; 0.026; 0.001; <0.001; 0.021). Conclusion: The WaSt group has a different age composition, maternal nutritional knowledge, family income, food security, food expenditure, and food diversity from other groups.

Indonesian

Latar Belakang: Karakteristik keluarga, ketahanan, pengeluaran, dan keragaman pangan berperan tidak langsung terhadap status gizi anak. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan karakteristik keluarga, ketahanan, pengeluaran, dan keragaman pangan pada keluarga balita dengan dan tanpa WaSt (Wasting-Stunting) di Semarang. Metode: Studi analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek dipilih dengan teknik sampling konsekutif, didapatkan 72 subjek yang terdiri atas 18 subjek pada masing-masing kelompok normal, stunted, wasted dan WaSt (Wasting-Stunting). Kuesioner terstruktur digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data karakteristik ayah, ibu, dan keluarga. Wawancara dengan instrumen Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) dilakukan untuk memperoleh data ketahanan pangan, sedangkan Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS) digunakan untuk memperoleh data keragaman pangan. Analisis perbedaan dilakukan dengan uji one-way ANOVA atau uji Kruskal-Wallis. Tingkat kepercayaan yang digunakan sebesar 95% dan hasil signifikan jika p-value<0,05. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan usia balita, pengetahuan gizi ibu, pendapatan keluarga, ketahanan pangan, pengeluaran pangan, dan keragaman pangan antara kelompok balita dengan dan tanpa WaSt (p-value=0,010; 0,002; 0,026; 0,001; <0,001; 0,021 ). Kesim≤ulan: Kelompok WaSt memiliki usia balita, pengetahuan gizi ibu, pendapatan keluarga, ketahanan pangan, pengeluaran pangan, dan keragaman pangan yang berbeda dengan kelompok lainnya.

Keywords

• Karakteristik keluarga
• ketahanan pangan
• keragaman pangan
• pengeluaran pangan
• WaSt (Wasting-Stunting)
• Family characteristics
• food security
• food diversity
• food expenditure
• Concurrent wasting and stunting (WaSt)