Correlation of Sleep Quality and Diet Quality with Hemoglobin Levels in Adolescent Girls: Korelasi Kualitas Tidur dan Kualitas Diet dengan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Remaja Putri

Abstract

English

Background: Iron deficiency is a common health issue among adolescent girls, mainly due to poor eating habits and inadequate sleep. The prevalence of anemia in this group remains high, ranging from 40% to 88%. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between nutritional intake, diet quality, and sleep quality with hemoglobin levels among adolescent girls. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 adolescent girls aged 15–19 years, selected from a population of approximately 230 adolescent girls in Ponorogo. Hemoglobin levels were measured using the Easy Touch GCHB instrument via capillary blood sampling. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Nutritional intake was evaluated using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), and diet quality was measured with the Diet Quality Index (DQI). Multinomial logistic regression analyzed the relationships between nutritional intake, sleep quality, and hemoglobin levels. Results: The study found that 50% of participants had normal hemoglobin levels, 42.5% had mild anemia, and 7.5% had moderate anemia. The mean hemoglobin level was 13.8, the average diet quality score was 57.47, and the mean sleep quality score was 7.33. Poor nutritional intake increased the risk of mild anemia by 20.32 times (OR=20.320, 95%CI=3.12-41.55, p-value=0.004). Moderate sleep quality increased the risk of mild anemia by 22.93 times (OR=22.932, 95%CI=2.91-182.55, p-value=0.013). Conclusions: Interventions to improve nutritional intake and sleep quality are essential for adolescent girls, as these factors are strongly associated with iron deficiency in this group.

Indonesian

Latar Belakang: Defisiensi Zat Besi adalah masalah kesehatan yang umum di kalangan remaja putri, terutama disebabkan oleh kebiasaan makan yang buruk dan kurang tidur. Prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri masih tergolong tinggi yaitu sebesar 40-88. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki hubungan asupan gizi, kualitas diet, dan kualitas tidur terhadap kadar hemoglobin di kalangan remaja putri. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional terhadap 80 remaja putri berusia 15-19 tahun, yang diambil dari populasi sebesar ±230 seluruh remaja putri di Ponorogo. Kadar hemoglobin diukur menggunakan instrumen Easy Touch GCHB, dengan pengambilan darah melalui pembuluh kapiler. Kualitas tidur dinilai menggunakan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Asupan gizi dievaluasi dengan Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), dan kualitas diet diukur menggunakan Diet Quality Index (DQI). Regresi logistik multinomial digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara asupan gizi, kualitas tidur, dan kadar hemoglobin. Hasil: Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar hemoglobin 50% peserta normal, sementara 42,5% anemia ringan dan 7,5% anemia sedang. Berdasarkan perhitungan rata-rata kadar hb yaitu 13,8, rata-rata skor kualitas diet adalah 57,47, dan rata-rata skor kualitas tidur sebesar 7,33. Asupan gizi memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan penurunan kadar hemoglobin, asupan kurang meningkatkan 20,32 kali risiko mengalami anemia ringan pada remaja putri (OR=20,32, 95%CI=3,12-41,55, p-value=0,004). Kualitas tidur yang buruk berkontribusi terhadap anemia, kualitas tidur sedang menunjukkan 22,93 kali berisiko mengalami anemia ringan (OR=22,932, 95%CI=2,91-182,55, p-value=0,013). Kesimpulan: Intervensi yang berfokus pada peningkatan asupan gizi dan kualitas tidur di kalangan remaja putri sangat diperlukan, mengingat kuatnya hubungan antara defisiensi zat besi dan faktor-faktor ini pada kelompok rentan tersebut.

Keywords

• Anemia Defisiensi Zat Besi
• Asupan Gizi
• Kualitas Tidur
• Remaja Putri
• Hemoglobin
• Iron Deficiency Anaemia
• Nutrition Intake
• Sleep Quality
• Adolescent Girls
• Haemoglobin