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Pilot Scale Production of Irradiated Natural Rubber Latex and its Dipping Products

Atom Indonesia · Vol. 31 No. 2 (2011) · pp. 61–78

DOI
10.17146/aij.2005.361
ISSN
2356-5322, 0126-1568
Published
2011-12-16
Publisher
National Research and Innovation Agency
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

One hundred and fifty kg natural rubber latex (NRL) before and after concentration were added with 3 phr (part hundred ratio of rubber) normal butyl acrylate, then the mixture were irradiated at 25 kGy by gamma rays of 60Co in pilot scale. The irradiated natural rubber latex (INRL) were then being to use for producing rubber products such as condom, surgical gloves, and spygmomanometer in factory scale. The quality of INRL and rubber products such as: total solid content (TSC), dry rubber content (DRC), KOH, VFA and MST number, tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break, extractable protein content, and response against Type I allergy etc. were evaluated. The economic aspect for producing INRL by means of Gamma Irradiator (GI) and Electron Beam Machine (EBM) such as payback period (PP), net present value (NPV) and internal rate return (IRR) were calculated. The results showed that the latex properties of INRL such as DRC, TSC, KOH, VFA, and MST number are not only found to the requirement of the ISO 2004 standard but also the latex has low protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content. The physical and mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break) of rubber dipping products such as condom, gloves, and sphygmomanometer are not only found to the requirement of ISO 4074, ISO 10282, and ANSI/AAMI SP-1994 standards, but also the allergic response tested clinical latex-sensitive protein allergen by ELISA test on gloves, and by SPT test on condom are found to be negative. It indicates that production of INRL or PVNRL or RVNRL by EBM 250 keV/10 mA, was more cheap than by using gamma γ irradiator 200 kCi, or sulfur vulcanization. The value of PBP (payback period) was 2,1 years, NPV (net present value) was 4,250 US $, PI (profitability index) 1,06 and IRR (internal rate of returns) was 25,0%.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 132 co-authorship links · 13 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Hasanuddin University
  • National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia
  • Cenderawasih University
  • Sebelas Maret University
  • IPB University
  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Universitas Sulawesi Barat
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Anisa KalondengHasanuddin University4
Sri Astuti ThamrinHasanuddin University3
Andi Isna YunitaHasanuddin University2
Andi M. Alfin BasoHasanuddin University2
Nurtiti SunusiHasanuddin University2
S SudirmanNational Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia2
Prihartini WidiyantiUniversitas Airlangga2
Yundy HafizriandaCenderawasih University1
Alfiana AntohCenderawasih University1
Anna IslamiyatiHasanuddin University1
Hajratul Ashwad KAffiliation unknown1
Afifah Mutiah NurdinHasanuddin University1
Muh. Indirwan ArfanHasanuddin University1
Sitti SahrimanAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad FadilAffiliation unknown1
A. Muthiah Nur AngrianyHasanuddin University1
Rini JamalAffiliation unknown1
Andi FebriyantiAffiliation unknown1
Rahmiati RahimAffiliation unknown1
Nirwan IlyasHasanuddin University1
Haksar HaksarAffiliation unknown1
Endang SulastriSebelas Maret University1
Ririn SetiyowatiSebelas Maret University1
Nur Hilal A. SyahrirUniversitas Sulawesi Barat1
Nurul RezkiAffiliation unknown1
Sri Indriani AmilHasanuddin University1
Georgina Maria TinungkiHasanuddin University1
Taufiq AkbarHasanuddin University1
Fadilah Amirul AdhelHasanuddin University1
Herlina RasyidHasanuddin University1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://atomindonesia.brin.go.id/index.php/aij/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Pilot Scale Production of Irradiated Natural Rubber Latex and its Dipping Products</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Utama, M.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Suhartini, M.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Herwinarni, Herwinarni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Siswanto, Siswanto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yoharmus, S.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sundaru, H.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Halik, H.M.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Prayitno, Prayitno</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Muklis, H.M.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ruslim, S.</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">irradiated natural rubber latex; allergic response; techno-economical aspect</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">One hundred and fifty kg natural rubber latex (NRL) before and after concentration were added with 3 phr (part hundred ratio of rubber) normal butyl acrylate, then the mixture were irradiated at 25 kGy by gamma rays of 60Co in pilot scale. The irradiated natural rubber latex (INRL) were then being to use for producing rubber products such as condom, surgical gloves, and spygmomanometer in factory scale. The quality of INRL and rubber products such as : total solid content (TSC), dry rubber content (DRC), KOH, VFA and MST number, tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break, extractable protein content, and response against Type I allergy etc. were evaluated. The economic aspect for producing INRL by means of Gamma Irradiator (GI) and Electron Beam Machine (EBM) such as payback period (PP), net present value (NPV) and internal rate return (IRR) were calculated. The results showed that the latex properties of INRL such as DRC, TSC, KOH, VFA, and MST number are not only found to the requirement of the ISO 2004 standard but also the latex has low protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content. The physical and mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break) of rubber dipping products such as condom, gloves, and sphygmomanometer are not only found to the requirement of ISO 4074, ISO 10282, and ANSI/AAMI SP-1994 standards, but also the allergic response tested clinical latex-sensitive protein allergen by ELISA test on gloves, and by SPT test on condom are found to be negative. It indicates that production of INRL or PVNRL or RVNRL by EBM 250 keV/10 mA, was more cheap than by using gamma γ irradiator 200 kCi, or sulfur vulcanization. The value of PBP (payback period) was 2,1 years, NPV (net present value) was 4,250 US $, PI (profitability index) 1,06 and IRR (internal rate of returns) was 25,0%.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">National Research and Innovation Agency</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia</dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2011-12-16</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://atomindonesia.brin.go.id/index.php/aij/article/view/361</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.17146/aij.2005.361</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Atom Indonesia; Vol 31, No 2 (2005): July 2005; 61-78</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2356-5322</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0126-1568</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.17146/aij.2005.%x</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://atomindonesia.brin.go.id/index.php/aij/article/view/361/291</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2016 Atom Indonesia</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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