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Magnetization Study of Iron Sand from Sabang, Indonesia: The Potential of Magnetic Materials in the Photocatalytic Field

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis · Vol. ume (2023) · pp. 344–352

DOI
10.9767/bcrec.19041
ISSN
1978-2993
Published
2023-08-20
Publisher
Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

The magnetization of iron sand from Anoi Itam beach, Sabang, Indonesia, was investigated through sample testing and synthesis using the co-precipitation method. The purpose of this study is to analyze the magnetic properties of iron sand and review its potential in photocatalytic processes. Before being synthesized, the natural iron sand was separated and milled. The iron sand was dissolved in 37% v/v HCl, stirred, and heated for 30 min. This solution was filtered and precipitated with 6.5 M NH4OH while stirring and heating for 30 min. The magnetite formed was washed repeatedly with distilled water until it reached a normal pH, and then dried. Magnetite characterization tests were performed using XRF, XRD, VSM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The test results showed that the iron sand had a high magnetic quality with a concentration of 91.17% after the synthesis process. The resulting magnetite phase structure had a spinal inverse cubic shape, with the highest peak at the Miller index (311). From the VSM test, it is known that the resulting magnetite exists in a soft magnetic form with superparamagnetic groups. From optical absorption, magnetite has a gap energy of approximately 2.8 eV. It can be concluded that the magnetite from Anoi Itam Sabang has potential as a photocatalytic absorbent in the visible light wavelength region. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 109 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
  • Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Malahayati MalahayatiPoliteknik Negeri Sriwijaya6
Evi YufitaAffiliation unknown4
Desminar DesminarAffiliation unknown2
Syaflin HalimAffiliation unknown2
Adi RahwantoAffiliation unknown2
Erfan HandokoAffiliation unknown2
sukirno sukirnoAffiliation unknown2
Raihan RaihanAffiliation unknown1
Novi Reandy SasmitaAffiliation unknown1
Azharuddin AzharuddinAffiliation unknown1
Ghalieb Mutig IdroesAffiliation unknown1
Rusdi AndidAffiliation unknown1
Tuti FadlilahAffiliation unknown1
Nanda EarliaAffiliation unknown1
Taufik RidwanAffiliation unknown1
Ira MayaAffiliation unknown1
Farnida FarnidaAffiliation unknown1
Saminan SaminanAffiliation unknown1
Ria RahayuAffiliation unknown1
Marlia MorsinKementerian Pendidikan Malaysia1
Rangga Rio Pratama PaneAffiliation unknown1
Noura HidayatiAffiliation unknown1
Farmi HadiAffiliation unknown1
Firdaus HisabAffiliation unknown1
Juniar AfridaAffiliation unknown1
saifiyaturrahmah saifiyaturrahmahAffiliation unknown1
Ida MeutiawatiAffiliation unknown1
Irpan EpendiAffiliation unknown1
Nur FadillahAffiliation unknown1
Mulyadi Abdul WahidAffiliation unknown1
Naza Fahrul SiraitAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Ridha DSAffiliation unknown1
Nuzul IskandarAffiliation unknown1
Afridawati AfridawatiAffiliation unknown1
Firdaus FirdausAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Magnetization Study of Iron Sand from Sabang, Indonesia: The Potential of Magnetic Materials in the Photocatalytic Field</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Nengsih, Sri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Madjid, Syahrun Nur</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mursal, Mursal</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Idroes, Rinaldi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Jalil, Zulkarnain</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Magnetite, co-precipitation method, iron sand, optical absorption, photocatalytic</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The magnetization of iron sand from Anoi Itam beach, Sabang, Indonesia, was investigated through sample testing and synthesis using the co-precipitation method. The purpose of this study is to analyze the magnetic properties of iron sand and review its potential in photocatalytic processes. Before being synthesized, the natural iron sand was separated and milled. The iron sand was dissolved in 37% v/v HCl, stirred, and heated for 30 min. This solution was filtered and precipitated with 6.5 M NH4OH while stirring and heating for 30 min. The magnetite formed was washed repeatedly with distilled water until it reached a normal pH, and then dried. Magnetite characterization tests were performed using XRF, XRD, VSM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The test results showed that the iron sand had a high magnetic quality with a concentration of 91.17% after the synthesis process. The resulting magnetite phase structure had a spinal inverse cubic shape, with the highest peak at the Miller index (311). From the VSM test, it is known that the resulting magnetite exists in a soft magnetic form with superparamagnetic groups. From optical absorption, magnetite has a gap energy of approximately 2.8 eV. It can be concluded that the magnetite from Anoi Itam Sabang has potential as a photocatalytic absorbent in the visible light wavelength region. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2023-08-20</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/19041</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.9767/bcrec.19041</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis; 2023: BCREC Volume 18 Issue 2 Year 2023 (August 2023); 344-352</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-2993</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/19041/9598</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group</dc:rights>
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