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Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite–Chitosan Composite from North Toraja Montmorillonite Mineral: Kinetic and Isotherm Study for Cu2+ Metal Ion Adsorption

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis · Vol. ume (2026) · pp. 760–780

DOI
10.9767/bcrec.20730
ISSN
1978-2993
Published
2026-12-26
Publisher
Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Natural montmorillonite from North Toraja, rich in silica and alumina, was employed as a precursor for synthesize cancrinite-type zeolite (CAN) through hydrothermal treatment at 170 °C for 24 h in 5 M NaOH solution. Zeolite, a porous aluminosilicate material widely applied in wastewater treatment, especially for heavy metal ion adsorption. To enhance adsorption performance, CAN was modified with chitosan through phase inversion, resulting in the formation of a zeolite–chitosan composite. Characterization using XRD, FTIR, SEM EDS, BET, and TGA DSC. XRD analyses revealed diffraction peaks at 2θ = 13.94°, 18.84°, 21.28°, 24.16°, 27.34°, 32.42°, 34.32°, 36.76°, and 42.46°. FTIR confirmed functional groups of CANat 678, 624, and 563 cm⁻¹ and chitosan at 2879 and 1643 cm⁻¹. SEM revealed a morphological change from sharp crystals to rough surface due to chitosan coating, while EDS identified the main elements of C, O, Na, Mg, Al, and Si. BET analysis indicated a surface area of 22.12 m²/g with pore diameter of approximately 28.48 nm. TGA-DSC indicated improved thermal stability, evidenced by a shift in degradation temperature attributed to strong zeolite-chitosan interaction. Adsorption studies for Cu²⁺ ions demonstrated optimum conditions at pH of 5 with a contact time of 150 min. Kinetic data followed a pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium was best described by the Sips isotherm, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 360.65 mg/g. These findings confirm that CAN–Chitosan composite derived from North Toraja minerals are efficient and stable adsorbents for heavy metal removal, supporting sustainable wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 148 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Hasanuddin University
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Seniwati DaliAffiliation unknown8
Ahyar AhmadAffiliation unknown8
Nunuk Hariani SoekamtoAffiliation unknown6
Muhammad ZakirHasanuddin University6
Yusafir HalaAffiliation unknown6
Indah RayaAffiliation unknown5
Harningsih KarimAffiliation unknown5
Nursiah La NafieAffiliation unknown4
La KoloAffiliation unknown4
Syaharuddin KasimAffiliation unknown4
Nur Umriani PermatasariHasanuddin University3
Firdaus FirdausAffiliation unknown3
Andi Muhammad AnsharHasanuddin University3
MamingAffiliation unknown3
Alfian NoorHasanuddin University2
Muawanah MuawanahAffiliation unknown2
Abdul Wahid WahabAffiliation unknown2
Sartika DanialAffiliation unknown2
ABDUL KARIMAffiliation unknown2
Maswati BaharuddinAffiliation unknown2
Saefuddin .Affiliation unknown1
Tjodi HarlimAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad ZainiAffiliation unknown1
ZarlinaAffiliation unknown1
Weka WidayatiUniversitas Halu Oleo1
La Ode Muh. MagribiAffiliation unknown1
Makmur Jaya ArmaAffiliation unknown1
HS GusnawatyAffiliation unknown1
La Ode Ahmad JazuliUniversitas Halu Oleo1
La Ndia La NdiaAffiliation unknown1
Ida UsmanAffiliation unknown1
Iradat SalihinAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite–Chitosan Composite from North Toraja Montmorillonite Mineral: Kinetic and Isotherm Study for Cu2+ Metal Ion Adsorption</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Matande, Jumianti Bunga</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Basir, Djabal Nur</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Taba, Paulina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Fauziah, St.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kasim, Syahruddin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Natsir, Hasnah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Khairunnur, Siti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Risnawati, Risnawati</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Adsorption; Cancrinite-type zeolite (CAN); Cu2+ ; Montmorillonite ; Zeolite-Chitosan Composite</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Natural montmorillonite from North Toraja, rich in silica and alumina, was employed as a precursor for synthesize cancrinite-type zeolite (CAN) through hydrothermal treatment at 170 °C for 24 h in 5 M NaOH solution. Zeolite, a porous aluminosilicate material widely applied in wastewater treatment, especially for heavy metal ion adsorption. To enhance adsorption performance, CAN was modified with chitosan through phase inversion, resulting in the formation of a zeolite–chitosan composite. Characterization using XRD, FTIR, SEM EDS, BET, and TGA DSC. XRD analyses revealed diffraction peaks at 2θ = 13.94°, 18.84°, 21.28°, 24.16°, 27.34°, 32.42°, 34.32°, 36.76°, and 42.46°. FTIR confirmed functional groups of CANat 678, 624, and 563 cm⁻¹ and chitosan at 2879 and 1643 cm⁻¹. SEM revealed a morphological change from sharp crystals to rough surface due to chitosan coating, while EDS identified the main elements of C, O, Na, Mg, Al, and Si. BET analysis indicated a surface area of 22.12 m²/g with pore diameter of approximately 28.48 nm. TGA-DSC indicated improved thermal stability, evidenced by a shift in degradation temperature attributed to strong zeolite-chitosan interaction. Adsorption studies for Cu²⁺ ions demonstrated optimum conditions at pH of 5 with a contact time of 150 min. Kinetic data followed a pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium was best described by the Sips isotherm, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 360.65 mg/g. These findings confirm that CAN–Chitosan composite derived from North Toraja minerals are efficient and stable adsorbents for heavy metal removal, supporting sustainable wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-12-26</dc:date>
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	<dc:identifier>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/20730</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.9767/bcrec.20730</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis; 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 4 Year 2026 (December 2026); 760-780</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-2993</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/20730/9990</dc:relation>
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	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/20730/6383</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/20730/6384</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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