Open access Journal SINTA 1
Modification of Turen Bentonite with AlCl3 for Esterification of Palmitic Acid
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis · Vol. ume (2014) · pp. 66–73
- ISSN
- 1978-2993
- Published
- 2014-04-30
- Publisher
- Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
- Language
- eng
Abstract
Natural Turen bentonite has been modified and applied as catalyst for palmitic acid esterification. Modification of natural Turen bentonite was conducted by cation exchange method using AlCl3 solution. Catalyst characterization was performed on X-ray Fluoroscence, X-ray Diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and infrared spectroscopy techniques. The catalytic activity test in the esterification reaction of palmitic acid with methanol was conducted by bath at 65 °C with a variation of reaction time of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h. Catalytic activity has been observed qualitatively using GC-MS and quantitatively by changes in acid number. The analysis showed the formation of Al3+-bentonite. Observation on the elements has shown that the presence of calcium decreased from 10.2% to 4.17%, with an increase of aluminium content from 9.9% to 13%. Diffraction line at 2θ 5.7379º became 5.6489º, along with changes in d-spacing of 15.3895 Å to 15.6319 Å. The surface area increased from 83.78 m2/g to 91.26 m2/g, while Brönsted acid sites increased from 10.2 µmol/g to 67.5 µmol/g and Lewis acid sites increased from 94.9 µmol/g to 132 µmol/g. Furthermore, Al3+-bentonite has showed as active catalyst in the esterification reaction of palmitic acid with palmitic acid with conversion of 78.78% for 5 h. © 2014 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Keywords
Collaboration network of the authors
40 authors · 103 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected
Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.
- Universitas Halu Oleo
- University of Mataram
- State University of Semarang
- Yogyakarta State University
- Affiliation unknown
- Different organisations
- Same organisation
- Affiliation unknown
- Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
| Co-author | Organisation | Joint articles |
|---|---|---|
| Dyah Ayu Fatmawati | Affiliation unknown | 7 |
| Yuli Prasetyo Adhi | Affiliation unknown | 5 |
| Triyono | Affiliation unknown | 5 |
| Muhyidin Muhyidin | University of Mataram | 4 |
| Karna Wijaya | Affiliation unknown | 4 |
| Suryo Purwono | Affiliation unknown | 4 |
| Cahyarani Paramesti | Affiliation unknown | 4 |
| Savitri Larasati | Affiliation unknown | 4 |
| Nugroho Raka Santoso | Affiliation unknown | 4 |
| Endah Suarsih | Affiliation unknown | 4 |
| Fatmawati - Fatmawati | Affiliation unknown | 3 |
| Dwi Siswanta | Affiliation unknown | 3 |
| Puspa Nindro Mahayuwati | Affiliation unknown | 3 |
| Uswatul Chasanah | Affiliation unknown | 3 |
| Anjar Purba Asmara | Affiliation unknown | 2 |
| Nur Rahmawati | Affiliation unknown | 2 |
| Iman Santoso | Affiliation unknown | 2 |
| Edy Karno | Universitas Halu Oleo | 1 |
| Jafar Ahiri | Universitas Halu Oleo | 1 |
| Muarifuddin Muarifuddin | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Sungkowo Edy Mulyono | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Woro Apriliana Sari | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Anisya Pratama Ningsih | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Rama Dirga Dwi Sakti | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Chairunnisa Asmawi | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Endah Fitriani Rahayu | State University of Semarang | 1 |
| Hasan Baharun | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Dedeh Supriyanti | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Christien Setiya Kesumawati | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Fitri Andriyani | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Untung Rahardja | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Wahyu Lestari | Yogyakarta State University | 1 |
| Sunarto Sunarto | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.