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Investigation on Synthesis of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) Ester from Non-edible Oil

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis · Vol. ume (2020) · pp. 808–817

DOI
10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8862.808-817
ISSN
1978-2993
Published
2020-12-28
Publisher
Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) ester is an eco-friendly lubricant that fully biodegradable and known as bio lubricant. In this study, TMP ester was produced from waste cooking oil and rubber seed oil through a two-step synthesis approach. The reaction is two stages transesterifications, in which the waste cooking oil and the rubber seed oil were first transesterified with methanol to produce methyl ester, followed by transesterification with TMP using para-Toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) as catalyst. Various effects of operating conditions were observed, such as reaction time, temperature and molar ratio of reactants. The TMP ester formation was determined based on the quantity of reactant conversion. The synthesized TMP ester was compared and characterized according to their properties. The results showed that the TMP ester from waste cooking oil (WCO) has shown better conversion compare to TMP ester from rubber seed oil (RSO), within a similar operating condition. The highest TMP ester conversion from WCO is 71%, at temperature of 150 ºC with molar ratio of FAME to TMP of 3:1 and catalyst amount of 2% (wt/wt). In addition, these polyol based esters from WCO and RSO exhibit appropriate basic properties for viscosity when compare with requirement standard of lubricant ISO VG46. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Keywords

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25 authors · 94 co-authorship links

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Ratna Dewi KusumaningtyasAffiliation unknown4
Fazlena HamzahAffiliation unknown4
Haniif PrasetiawanAffiliation unknown3
Dhoni HartantoAffiliation unknown3
Miradatul Najwa Muhd RodhiAffiliation unknown3
Sarina SulaimanAffiliation unknown2
Nur Fatin Syafiqah Mohamad NorAffiliation unknown2
Kenneth Stuart SorbieAffiliation unknown2
lorraine Scott BoakAffiliation unknown2
Nurshazwani Shuhada Al BadriAffiliation unknown2
Farah Hanim Ab HamidAffiliation unknown2
Mohd Zaki Zainal AbidinAffiliation unknown2
Catur Rini WidyastutiAffiliation unknown1
Dinda Adelia FauziAffiliation unknown1
Andri Cahyo KumoroAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Zarin Amin ZainalAffiliation unknown1
Azianna GusniahAffiliation unknown1
Sri Rizki Putri PrimandariAffiliation unknown1
Andril ArafatAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Investigation on Synthesis of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) Ester from Non-edible Oil</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Kamarudin, Nurazreen Shazwin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Veny, Harumi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sidek, Nailah Fasihah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Abnisa, Faisal</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sazali, Rozana Azrina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Aziz, Noorhaliza</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">biodiesel; rubber seed oil; waste cooking oil; biolubricant; transesterification; trimethylolpropane triester</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Trimethylolpropane (TMP) ester is an eco-friendly lubricant that fully biodegradable and known as bio lubricant. In this study, TMP ester was produced from waste cooking oil and rubber seed oil through a two-step synthesis approach. The reaction is two stages transesterifications, in which the waste cooking oil and the rubber seed oil were first transesterified with methanol to produce methyl ester, followed by transesterification with TMP using para-Toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) as catalyst. Various effects of operating conditions were observed, such as reaction time, temperature and molar ratio of reactants. The TMP ester formation was determined based on the quantity of reactant conversion. The synthesized TMP ester was compared and characterized according to their properties. The results showed that the TMP ester from waste cooking oil (WCO) has shown better conversion compare to TMP ester from rubber seed oil (RSO), within a similar operating condition. The highest TMP ester conversion from WCO is 71%, at temperature of 150 ºC with molar ratio of FAME to TMP of 3:1 and catalyst amount of 2% (wt/wt). In addition, these polyol based esters from WCO and RSO exhibit appropriate basic properties for viscosity when compare with requirement standard of lubricant ISO VG46. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).  </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2020-12-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/8862</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8862.808-817</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis; 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 3 Year 2020 (December 2020); 808-817</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-2993</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/8862/4701</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>