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Domestic waste (eggshells and banana peels particles) as sustainable and renewable resources for improving resin-based brakepad performance: Bibliometric literature review, techno-economic analysis, dual-sized reinforcing experiments, to comparison...

Communications in Science and Technology · Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022) · pp. 50–61

DOI
10.21924/cst.7.1.2022.757
ISSN
2502-9266, 2502-9258
Published
2022-07-31
Publisher
Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia
Language
eng

Abstract

The objective of this study is to develop a new environmentally-friendly brake pad made from eggshells (Es) and banana peels (BPs) as reinforcement agents. E and BP particles as dual reinforcement with various compositions were combined. The E/BP mixture was then embedded on a polymer matrix composing a resin/hardener mixture in a 1:1 ratio. As a standard, brake pads using a single reinforcement of E and BP particles were also fabricated. Physical properties (i.e. particle size, surface roughness, morphology, and density), as well as mechanical properties (i.e. hardness, wear rate, and friction coefficient properties) were investigated. It was observed that using dual reinforcements was preferable (compared to using single reinforcements) because they had a synergistic effect on the mechanical properties of the brake pad. The best mechanical properties were found in dual reinforcements of brake pad specimens using E/BP particles with a higher BP ratio in which the value of the stiffness test, puncture test, wear rate, and coefficient of friction were 4.5 MPa, 86.80, 0.093×10-4 g/s.mm2, and 1.67×10-4, respectively. A high BP particle ratio played a dominant role in dual reinforcements, increasing the resin's bonding ability and resulting in good adhesion between the reinforcement and matrix. When compared to commercial brake pads, the brake pad specimens fabricated in this study met the standards. The techno-economic analysis also confirmed the prospective production of brake pads from E and BP particles (compared to commercial brake pads). From this research, it is expected that environmentally friendly and low-cost brake pads can be used to replace the dangerous friction materials.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 127 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Indonesia University of Education
  • Universiti Brunei Darussalam
  • Sampoerna University
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Abdulkareem Sh. Mahdi Al-ObaidiAffiliation unknown9
Muhammad Roil BiladUniversiti Brunei Darussalam7
Muji SetiyoAffiliation unknown4
Abdulkareem Sh. Mahdi Al ObaidiAffiliation unknown4
Belkheir HammoutiAffiliation unknown4
Siti Pupu FauziahAffiliation unknown3
Martin RoestamyAffiliation unknown3
Irman SuhermanAffiliation unknown3
Dwi Fitria Al HusaeniIndonesia University of Education3
Tedi KurniawanAffiliation unknown3
Obie FarobieAffiliation unknown3
Farid TriawanSampoerna University2
Siti Nur HofifahAffiliation unknown2
Amirullah AbduhAffiliation unknown2
Agus SolehudinAffiliation unknown2
Haipan SalamAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad Irfansyah MaulanaAffiliation unknown2
Lala Septem RizaAffiliation unknown1
Ghina Firdha NabilaAffiliation unknown1
Asep WahyudinAffiliation unknown1
Yudi WibisonoAffiliation unknown1
RasimAffiliation unknown1
MunirAffiliation unknown1
Novi NurjanahAffiliation unknown1
Qurratu Aini Alya AdzkiaAffiliation unknown1
Riki RustanaAffiliation unknown1
Selvi Citra CarollineAffiliation unknown1
Shabrina Maulida AgustineAffiliation unknown1
Abdul KholikUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Muhammad Rendi RamdhaniAffiliation unknown1
Tatang HermanIndonesia University of Education1
Didi SuryadiAffiliation unknown1
Elah NurlaelahAffiliation unknown1
I Made SuarsanaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://cst.kipmi.or.id/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Domestic waste (eggshells and banana peels particles) as sustainable and renewable resources for improving resin-based brakepad performance: Bibliometric literature review, techno-economic analysis, dual-sized reinforcing experiments, to comparison ...</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Nandiyanto, Asep Bayu Dani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ragadhita, Risti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Fiandini, Meli</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Al Husaeni, Dwi Fitria</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Al Husaeni, Dwi Novia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Fadhillah, Farid</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Agricultural waste</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Brake pad</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Banana peel</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Eggshell</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Natural fiber</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The objective of this study is to develop a new environmentally-friendly brake pad made from eggshells (Es) and banana peels (BPs) as reinforcement agents. E and BP particles as dual reinforcement with various compositions were combined. The E/BP mixture was then embedded on a polymer matrix composing a resin/hardener mixture in a 1:1 ratio. As a standard, brake pads using a single reinforcement of E and BP particles were also fabricated. Physical properties (i.e. particle size, surface roughness, morphology, and density), as well as mechanical properties (i.e. hardness, wear rate, and friction coefficient properties) were investigated. It was observed that using dual reinforcements was preferable (compared to using single reinforcements) because they had a synergistic effect on the mechanical properties of the brake pad. The best mechanical properties were found in dual reinforcements of brake pad specimens using E/BP particles with a higher BP ratio in which the value of the stiffness test, puncture test, wear rate, and coefficient of friction were 4.5 MPa, 86.80, 0.093×10-4 g/s.mm2, and 1.67×10-4, respectively. A high BP particle ratio played a dominant role in dual reinforcements, increasing the resin's bonding ability and resulting in good adhesion between the reinforcement and matrix. When compared to commercial brake pads, the brake pad specimens fabricated in this study met the standards. The techno-economic analysis also confirmed the prospective production of brake pads from E and BP particles (compared to commercial brake pads). From this research, it is expected that environmentally friendly and low-cost brake pads can be used to replace the dangerous friction materials.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2022-07-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://cst.kipmi.or.id/journal/article/view/757</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21924/cst.7.1.2022.757</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Communications in Science and Technology; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022); 50-61</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id-ID">Communications in Science and Technology; Vol 7 No 1 (2022); 50-61</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-9266</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-9258</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21924/cst.7.1.2022</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://cst.kipmi.or.id/journal/article/view/757/105</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2022 Communications in Science and Technology</dc:rights>
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