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Fabrication and Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO-Biochar Composites for Eliminating Dye Waste

Communications in Science and Technology · Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 302–312

DOI
10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1795
ISSN
2502-9266, 2502-9258
Published
2025-12-31
Publisher
Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

The synthesis of the ZnO-biochar composite from palm kernel shell biomass waste has been accomplished through the utilization of thesolvothermal method, yielding a satisfactory outcome. The resulting composite, a combination of ZnO and biochar, has been utilized in the degradation of methylene blue waste compounds. The objective of this research is to synthesize ZnO-biochar composites from palm shells, and to determine the optimal solvothermal temperature and duration. This research was initiated with the preparation of palm shells into biochar. Subsequently, the ZnO-biochar composite was synthesized with variable solvothermal temperatures and solvothermal times. The ZnO-biochar composite was characterized using analytical techniques including SEM-EDX, FT-IR, XRD, BET and UV-vis DRS. The most effective degradation of methylene blue was exhibited by the ZnO-biochar composite sample synthesized at a solvothermal temperature of 180 ̊C and a solvothermal time of 10 hours, achieving a degradation of 88.29%. The enhanced photodegradation performance of this composite sample is attributed to its high surface area, capacity for visible light absorption, and the dimensions of the active crystals, which can account for the high performance of the ZnO-biochar composite for photocatalytic degradation.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 173 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
M Mahbubur RahmanAffiliation unknown4
Zhong Tao JiangAffiliation unknown3
Dhina FebryzaAffiliation unknown3
Hussein A. MiranAffiliation unknown3
EvelynAtma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia2
ChairulAffiliation unknown2
Mazhibayev AssylzhanAffiliation unknown2
Khairulazhar JumbriAffiliation unknown2
Chun-Chen YangAffiliation unknown2
Andini Fesya PutriAffiliation unknown2
Hidayatul FauziyahAffiliation unknown2
Maria Peratenta SembiringAffiliation unknown2
Raihan Daffansyah SinagaAffiliation unknown2
Yayan SetiawanAffiliation unknown2
M Iwan FermiAffiliation unknown2
YusnimarAffiliation unknown1
Azka AmanAffiliation unknown1
Suci RahmadahanaAffiliation unknown1
Yusnimar SahanAffiliation unknown1
Sri Wahdini RahmiAffiliation unknown1
Syamsu HermanAffiliation unknown1
KhairatAffiliation unknown1
Hiroshi OhiAffiliation unknown1
Khusnul AinUniversitas Airlangga1
SunarnoAffiliation unknown1
Yola Bertilsya HendriAffiliation unknown1
Yoyok Dwi Setyo PambudiAffiliation unknown1
Kambarova ElmiraAffiliation unknown1
Sunarno SunarnoAffiliation unknown1
Mawaddah MawaddahAffiliation unknown1
Alfatlian AlfatlianAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://cst.kipmi.or.id/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Fabrication and Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO-Biochar Composites for Eliminating Dye Waste</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Heltina, Desi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yoselino, Danil</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nabellia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Dumaria, Agustina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Amila, Khairati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Komalasari</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sembiring, Maria Peratenta</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Amri, Amun</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Jiang, Zhong Tao</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Zno</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Biochar</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Photodegradation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Palm kernel shell</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Methylene Blue</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The synthesis of the ZnO-biochar composite from palm kernel shell biomass waste has been accomplished through the utilization of thesolvothermal method, yielding a satisfactory outcome. The resulting composite, a combination of ZnO and biochar, has been utilized in the degradation of methylene blue waste compounds. The objective of this research is to synthesize ZnO-biochar composites from palm shells, and to determine the optimal solvothermal temperature and duration. This research was initiated with the preparation of palm shells into biochar. Subsequently, the ZnO-biochar composite was synthesized with variable solvothermal temperatures and solvothermal times. The ZnO-biochar composite was characterized using analytical techniques including SEM-EDX, FT-IR, XRD, BET and UV-vis DRS. The most effective degradation of methylene blue was exhibited by the ZnO-biochar composite sample synthesized at a solvothermal temperature of 180 ̊C and a solvothermal time of 10 hours, achieving a degradation of 88.29%. The enhanced photodegradation performance of this composite sample is attributed to its high surface area, capacity for visible light absorption, and the dimensions of the active crystals, which can account for the high performance of the ZnO-biochar composite for photocatalytic degradation.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://cst.kipmi.or.id/journal/article/view/1795</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1795</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Communications in Science and Technology; Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025); 302-312</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id-ID">Communications in Science and Technology; Vol 10 No 2 (2025); 302-312</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-9266</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-9258</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21924/cst.10.2.2025</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://cst.kipmi.or.id/journal/article/view/1795/236</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Communications in Science and Technology</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>