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Preprocessing Algorithm for K-Means Anomaly Detection on Payment Logs

IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) · Vol. 19 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 211–222

DOI
10.22146/ijccs.105290
ISSN
2460-7258, 1978-1520
Published
2025-04-30
Publisher
IndoCEISS in colaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

The payment aggregator system with the single settlement feature enhances transaction efficiency. However, this also poses risks of cyberattacks and system errors. These risks can lead to abnormal events or anomalies. The middleware service records transaction activities in the form of logs. Log data can be analyzed for anomaly detection resulting from cyberattacks or system errors.K-Means clustering is less effective in detecting anomalies in log data because transaction log data is often unstructured, inconsistent, and has varying feature scales.This study develops a preprocessing algorithm to improve data quality before clustering. Transaction log data from July to December 2023 is used, with preprocessing stages including normalization, standardization, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). K-Means is applied with K-Means++ initialization, and the number of clusters is determined using the kneedle algorithm. The results show that standardization improves segmentation, and PCA enhances anomaly detection effectiveness.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

27 authors · 34 co-authorship links · 4 across different organisations

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia
  • Universitas Sulawesi Tenggara
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Sigit PriyantaUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Anifudin AzisUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Praretno WibowoAffiliation unknown1
Juwita MaharantiAffiliation unknown1
Iqnatius Dimas NugrohoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Amelia NursantiUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Tri Kuntoro PriyambodoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Zaied ShouranUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Nur Azizul HaqimiUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Friska Ayu ListyaUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Wahyono WahyonoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Riska Amalia PraptiwiUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Dayan Ramly RamadhanUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Hendri Kurniawan PrakosaUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Anindhita NisitasariUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Raymond LuisUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Sarah Rosdiana TambunanUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Luthfia Nurma HapsariUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Debby AlitaUniversitas Teknokrat Indonesia1
Muslikhah MuslikhahAffiliation unknown1
Elih SudiapermanaAffiliation unknown1
Moh Edi WibowoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Agus SihabudinAffiliation unknown1
Lukman HeryawanUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Ahmad RiyadiUniversitas Sulawesi Tenggara1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/oai, first harvested 26 Oct 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Preprocessing Algorithm for K-Means Anomaly Detection on Payment Logs</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Alamsyah, Reka</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rokhman, Nur</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">computer science</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Data Preprocessing, K-Means, Anomaly Detection, Middleware Logs, Kneedle Algorithm</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The payment aggregator system with the single settlement feature enhances transaction efficiency. However, this also poses risks of cyberattacks and system errors. These risks can lead to abnormal events or anomalies. The middleware service records transaction activities in the form of logs. Log data can be analyzed for anomaly detection resulting from cyberattacks or system errors.K-Means clustering is less effective in detecting anomalies in log data because transaction log data is often unstructured, inconsistent, and has varying feature scales.This study develops a preprocessing algorithm to improve data quality before clustering. Transaction log data from July to December 2023 is used, with preprocessing stages including normalization, standardization, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). K-Means is applied with K-Means++ initialization, and the number of clusters is determined using the kneedle algorithm. The results show that standardization improves segmentation, and PCA enhances anomaly detection effectiveness.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">IndoCEISS in colaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US"></dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2025-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/article/view/105290</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22146/ijccs.105290</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems); Vol 19, No 2 (2025): April; 211-222</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-7258</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-1520</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/article/view/105290/41530</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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