Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Open access Journal SINTA 1

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prostaglandin E2 levels in periodontitis model Sprague Dawley rats

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) · Vol. 57 No. 3 (2024) · pp. 195–200

DOI
10.20473/j.djmkg.v57.i3.p195-200
ISSN
2442-9740, 1978-3728
Published
2024-07-15
Publisher
Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial disease caused by microorganisms such as G-anaerobes in the periodontal tissues. It activates host defense cells and releases inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional medicinal mushroom with anti-inflammatory effects against various diseases. Biologically, different levels of its active constituents, such as triterpenoids and phenolic compounds, reduce inflammation with various pathways. Furthermore, the constituents inhibit toll-like receptor 4, MyD88 receptors, and the activities of nuclear factor-kappa B, which synthesize TNF-α and PGE2. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the extent to which G. lucidum extract can reduce TNF-α and PGE2 levels in periodontitis model Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of five rats. Periodontitis inflammation was induced by the injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria into intrasulcular gingival incisors in the lower jaw labial section. Grouping was as follows: Group K1 (healthy control); Group K2 (negative control); Group K3 (positive control with doxycycline dose 0.27 mg/kg BW); Group P1 (G. lucidum extract dose 5 mg/kg BW); Group P2 (G. lucidum extract dose 10 mg/kg BW); and Group P3 (G. lucidum extract dose 20 mg/kg BW). Samples were taken from rat gingival tissue and the levels of TNF-α and PGE2 were examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence level of 95% (p < 0.05). Results: The levels of TNF-α and PGE2 were the highest in the K2 group and the lowest in the K1 group. One-way ANOVA showed no significant difference in TNF-α and PGE2 levels between P3 and K1 group. Conclusion: G. lucidum extract can reduce TNF-α and PGE2 levels in Sprague Dawley rats with periodontitis.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

25 authors · 63 co-authorship links · 7 across different organisations

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Jenderal Soedirman University
  • Nara Institute of Science and Technology
  • Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Retno SupriyantiJenderal Soedirman University4
Yogi RamadhaniJenderal Soedirman University4
Ariep Soelaiman SetiadiJenderal Soedirman University2
Muhammad Rifqi KurniawanJenderal Soedirman University1
Arif Pujo RiyantoJenderal Soedirman University1
Muhammad Syaiful AliimJenderal Soedirman University1
Muhammad Irham AkbarJenderal Soedirman University1
Muhammad AlqaafNara Institute of Science and Technology1
Laksmita TanjungAffiliation unknown1
Rinawati SatrioAffiliation unknown1
Anung SaptiwulanAffiliation unknown1
Helmi HirawanAffiliation unknown1
Christiana Cahyani PrihastutiAffiliation unknown1
Tirta WardanaAffiliation unknown1
Agi PrasetiadiInstitut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto1
Andre Citro Febriliyan LanyakAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Hisyam GhaniAffiliation unknown1
Abiyan AthallahAffiliation unknown1
HERNAYANTI HERNAYANTIAffiliation unknown1
Alfi MuntafiahAffiliation unknown1
Johanes Hasian SiahaanAffiliation unknown1
Sofyan HardiAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prostaglandin E2 levels in periodontitis model Sprague Dawley rats</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Andini, Restian Febi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Novrial, Dody</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Widodo, Haris Budi</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Anti-inflammatory</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Ganoderma lucidum</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Periodontitis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">prostaglandin E2</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">tumor necrosis factor alpha</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial disease caused by microorganisms such as G-anaerobes in the periodontal tissues. It activates host defense cells and releases inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional medicinal mushroom with anti-inflammatory effects against various diseases. Biologically, different levels of its active constituents, such as triterpenoids and phenolic compounds, reduce inflammation with various pathways. Furthermore, the constituents inhibit toll-like receptor 4, MyD88 receptors, and the activities of nuclear factor-kappa B, which synthesize TNF-α and PGE2. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the extent to which G. lucidum extract can reduce TNF-α and PGE2 levels in periodontitis model Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of five rats. Periodontitis inflammation was induced by the injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria into intrasulcular gingival incisors in the lower jaw labial section. Grouping was as follows: Group K1 (healthy control); Group K2 (negative control); Group K3 (positive control with doxycycline dose 0.27 mg/kg BW); Group P1 (G. lucidum extract dose 5 mg/kg BW); Group P2 (G. lucidum extract dose 10 mg/kg BW); and Group P3 (G. lucidum extract dose 20 mg/kg BW). Samples were taken from rat gingival tissue and the levels of TNF-α and PGE2 were examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence level of 95% (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Results: The levels of TNF-α and PGE2 were the highest in the K2 group and the lowest in the K1 group. One-way ANOVA showed no significant difference in TNF-α and PGE2 levels between P3 and K1 group. Conclusion: G. lucidum extract can reduce TNF-α and PGE2 levels in Sprague Dawley rats with periodontitis.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-07-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/article/view/40506</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/j.djmkg.v57.i3.p195-200</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi); Vol. 57 No. 3 (2024): September; 195-200</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2442-9740</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-3728</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/article/view/40506/29349</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/article/view/40506/39603</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2024 Dental Journal</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>