Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Open access Journal SINTA 1

International Arbitration in Indonesia after Constitutional Court Decision No. 100/PUU-XXII/2024: The Urgency of Resolving Enforcement Challenges

El-Mashlahah · Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 209–230

DOI
10.23971/el-mashlahah.v16i1.10669
ISSN
2622-8645, 2089-1970
Published
2026-06-30
Publisher
Sharia Faculty of State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Palangka Raya
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Despite the issuance of Constitutional Court Decision No. 100/PUU-XXII/2024, legal uncertainty concerning the recognition and enforcement of international arbitral awards remains a significant challenge to the effectiveness of international arbitration in Indonesia. The particular study examined the legal implications of the Constitutional Court's removal of the term “deemed” from Article 1(9) of the Arbitration Law. Moreover, it proposed an ideal framework for determining the international character of arbitral awards under Indonesian law. The research employed a mixed method that combines normative legal research and case analysis through statutory, conceptual, case, and historical approaches. The findings revealed that Constitutional Court Decision No. 100/PUU-XXII/2024 has not fully resolved the legal uncertainty surrounding the distinction between domestic and international arbitral awards. While the decision reinforces a territorial approach based on the place where an award is rendered, it does not establish clear criteria for determining the international character of arbitral awards, thereby hindering the harmonization of their recognition and enforcement. The study further found that the Indonesian Arbitration Law remains inconsistent with the UNCITRAL Model Law on the definition and classification of international arbitral awards. To address this issue, the study proposed a broader territorial approach aligned with the UNCITRAL Model Law, incorporating international elements as determining factors, including the application of foreign law, the selection of foreign arbitral institutions or arbitrators, international civil legal relationships, and foreign elements within the factual circumstances of a dispute. This framework contributed to strengthening legal certainty and enhancing the recognition and enforcement of international arbitral awards in Indonesia.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

11 authors · 23 co-authorship links

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Ifrani IfraniAffiliation unknown3
Nahdhah NahdhahAffiliation unknown2
Martine FlipseAffiliation unknown2
Diana SetiawatiAffiliation unknown1
Mukti Fajar NDAffiliation unknown1
Rifqi HidayatAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://e-journal.iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/index.php/maslahah/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">International Arbitration in Indonesia after Constitutional Court Decision No. 100/PUU-XXII/2024: The Urgency of Resolving Enforcement Challenges</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yati Nurhayati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ifrani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">M. Yasir Said</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muhammad Hendri Yanova</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Parman Komarudin</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">International Arbitration</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Certainty</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">UNCITRAL Model Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Constitutional Court Decision</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Despite the issuance of Constitutional Court Decision No. 100/PUU-XXII/2024, legal uncertainty concerning the recognition and enforcement of international arbitral awards remains a significant challenge to the effectiveness of international arbitration in Indonesia. The particular study examined the legal implications of the Constitutional Court's removal of the term “deemed” from Article 1(9) of the Arbitration Law. Moreover, it proposed an ideal framework for determining the international character of arbitral awards under Indonesian law. The research employed a mixed method that combines normative legal research and case analysis through statutory, conceptual, case, and historical approaches. The findings revealed that Constitutional Court Decision No. 100/PUU-XXII/2024 has not fully resolved the legal uncertainty surrounding the distinction between domestic and international arbitral awards. While the decision reinforces a territorial approach based on the place where an award is rendered, it does not establish clear criteria for determining the international character of arbitral awards, thereby hindering the harmonization of their recognition and enforcement. The study further found that the Indonesian Arbitration Law remains inconsistent with the UNCITRAL Model Law on the definition and classification of international arbitral awards. To address this issue, the study proposed a broader territorial approach aligned with the UNCITRAL Model Law, incorporating international elements as determining factors, including the application of foreign law, the selection of foreign arbitral institutions or arbitrators, international civil legal relationships, and foreign elements within the factual circumstances of a dispute. This framework contributed to strengthening legal certainty and enhancing the recognition and enforcement of international arbitral awards in Indonesia.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Sharia Faculty of State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Palangka Raya</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-06-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnal.uin-palangkaraya.ac.id/maslahah/article/view/10669</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.23971/el-mashlahah.v16i1.10669</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">El-Mashlahah; Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026); 209-230</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">El-Mashlahah; Vol 16 No 1 (2026); 209-230</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2622-8645</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2089-1970</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.uin-palangkaraya.ac.id/maslahah/article/view/10669/3543</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Yati Nurhayati, Ifrani, M. Yasir Said, Muhammad Hendri Yanova, Parman Komaruddin</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>