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The Effect of HbA1C Variability and Lipid Profile on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (cIMT) and Flow-mediated Dilatation (FMD) in children and adolescent with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang

Heart Science Journal · Vol. 3 No. 3 (2022) · pp. 17–24

DOI
10.21776/ub.hsj.2022.003.03.4
ISSN
2721-9984, 2721-9976
Published
2022-07-28
Publisher
Universitas Brawijaya
Language
en

Abstract

BackgroundThere is a correlation between diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) and a higher risk of heart disease. Atherosclerosis, which can be discovered early with cIMT (Carotid Intima-Media Thickness) and Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) tests, contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. HbA1c fluctuation and lipid profile can have an impact on cIMT and FMD.AimThe aim of this study is to determine the influence of HbA1c variability and lipid profile on cIMT and FMD levels in children T1DM patients treated at Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang.MethodsThe study utilized a cross-sectional design and included 82 participants with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus who were routinely treated at the Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang's pediatric outpatient clinic between January - July 2019 and December 2021 and- January 2022.ResultsThe correlation test revealed no significant connection between HDL (ρ=-0,029; p=0,796), LDL (ρ=-0.213; p=0.055), TG (ρ= -0.179; p= 0.107), and total cholesterol (ρ=-0.182; p= 0.101). Association tests revealed a positive correlation between LDL (ρ=0,318; p=0,004) and total cholesterol (ρ=0,230; p=0,038) levels and IMT. The correlation coefficient between HbA1C variability and FMD as evaluated by HVS was -0.498 (ρ=0.000; p=0.05), as was the correlation coefficient between HbA1c-SD (ρ=-0.467; p=0.000) and HbA1c-CV (ρ=-0.400; p=0.000). Additionally, a significant positive connection was discovered between IMT and the value of HbA1c variability utilizing HVS (ρ=0.455; p=0.000), HbA1c-SD (ρ=0.434; p=0.000), and HbA1c-CV (ρ=0.325; p=0.003). The linear regression analysis revealed that the three variables with the greatest influence on FMD were HVS (R=0.398), LDL (R=0.316), and HbA1c-SD (R=0.293). HVS (R=0.468), LDL (R=0.268), and total cholesterol (R=0.198) were the three most impactful variables on IMT. It is known that the combination of lipid profile and HbA1c fluctuation contributes 25.1% to FMD using this model. Meanwhile, the lipid profile and HbA1c variability together accounted for 34.5% of the variance in IMT.ConclusionVariability in HbA1c and lipid profile (LDL and total cholesterol) can contribute to an increase in intima-media thickness and a decrease in brachial artery FMD in children with T1DM. Â

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 288 co-authorship links · 6 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • University of Brawijaya
  • RSUD Prof. Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Mohammad Saifur RohmanUniversity of Brawijaya41
Anna Fuji RahimahUniversity of Brawijaya24
Ardian RizalUniversity of Brawijaya24
Djanggan SargowoUniversity of Brawijaya23
Budi SatrijoUniversity of Brawijaya23
Heny MartiniUniversity of Brawijaya20
Setyasih AnjarwaniUniversity of Brawijaya18
Indra PrasetyaUniversity of Brawijaya15
Yoga WaranugrahaUniversity of Brawijaya7
Adhika Prastya WikanandaUniversity of Brawijaya6
Muhammad Rizki FadlanUniversity of Brawijaya5
Seprian WidasmaraUniversity of Brawijaya5
Evit RuspionoAffiliation unknown5
Wella KarolinaUniversity of Brawijaya5
Sawitri SatwikajatiUniversity of Brawijaya4
Putri Annisa KamilaUniversity of Brawijaya4
Tonny AdriyantoUniversity of Brawijaya4
Anna Fuji RahimahAffiliation unknown4
Zainal FathurohimUniversity of Brawijaya4
Ira Vori NugrohoUniversity of Brawijaya4
Saskia Dyah HandariUniversity of Brawijaya3
Valerinna YogibuanaAffiliation unknown3
Ratna PancasariUniversity of Brawijaya3
Ayu Asri Devi AdityawatiUniversity of Brawijaya3
Oktafin Srywati PamunaUniversity of Brawijaya3
Imam Mi'raj SuprayogaUniversity of Brawijaya3
Dea Arie KurniawanUniversity of Brawijaya3
Dedy IrawanUniversity of Brawijaya3
Imelda KrisnasariUniversity of Brawijaya3
Tri AstiawatiUniversity of Brawijaya3
Dadang HendrawanUniversity of Brawijaya2
Irma KameliaUniversity of Brawijaya2
Veny KurniawatiUniversity of Brawijaya2
Fahmy RusnantaUniversity of Brawijaya2
Aloysius Yuwono SupraptaUniversity of Brawijaya2

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Effect of HbA1C Variability and Lipid Profile on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (cIMT) and Flow-mediated Dilatation (FMD) in children and adolescent with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ikeningrum, Dyah Ayu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Tjahjono, Cholid Tri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kurnianingsih, Novi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Widito, Sasmojo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Putri, Valerina Yogibuana Swastika</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">HbA1c Variability</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lipid Profile</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">cIMT</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">FMD</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Diabetes Mellitus type 1</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">BackgroundThere is a correlation between diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) and a higher risk of heart disease. Atherosclerosis, which can be discovered early with cIMT (Carotid Intima-Media Thickness) and Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) tests, contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. HbA1c fluctuation and lipid profile can have an impact on cIMT and FMD.AimThe aim of this study is to determine the influence of HbA1c variability and lipid profile on cIMT and FMD levels in children T1DM patients treated at Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang.MethodsThe study utilized a cross-sectional design and included 82 participants with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus who were routinely treated at the Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang's pediatric outpatient clinic between January - July 2019 and December 2021 and- January 2022.ResultsThe correlation test revealed no significant connection between HDL (ρ=-0,029; p=0,796), LDL (ρ=-0.213; p=0.055), TG (ρ= -0.179; p= 0.107), and total cholesterol (ρ=-0.182; p= 0.101). Association tests revealed a positive correlation between LDL (ρ=0,318; p=0,004) and total cholesterol (ρ=0,230; p=0,038) levels and IMT. The correlation coefficient between HbA1C variability and FMD as evaluated by HVS was -0.498 (ρ=0.000; p=0.05), as was the correlation coefficient between HbA1c-SD (ρ=-0.467; p=0.000) and HbA1c-CV (ρ=-0.400; p=0.000). Additionally, a significant positive connection was discovered between IMT and the value of HbA1c variability utilizing HVS (ρ=0.455; p=0.000), HbA1c-SD (ρ=0.434; p=0.000), and HbA1c-CV (ρ=0.325; p=0.003). The linear regression analysis revealed that the three variables with the greatest influence on FMD were HVS (R=0.398), LDL (R=0.316), and HbA1c-SD (R=0.293). HVS (R=0.468), LDL (R=0.268), and total cholesterol (R=0.198) were the three most impactful variables on IMT. It is known that the combination of lipid profile and HbA1c fluctuation contributes 25.1% to FMD using this model. Meanwhile, the lipid profile and HbA1c variability together accounted for 34.5% of the variance in IMT.ConclusionVariability in HbA1c and lipid profile (LDL and total cholesterol) can contribute to an increase in intima-media thickness and a decrease in brachial artery FMD in children with T1DM.  </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Brawijaya</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2022-07-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/1348</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21776/ub.hsj.2022.003.03.4</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Heart Science Journal; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2022): Cardiovascular Disease in Young Adulthood: Who, When, and How to Screen?; 17-24</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9984</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9976</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21776/ub.hsj.2022.003.03</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/1348/250</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2022 Dyah Ayu Ikeningrum, Cholid Tri Tjahjono, Novi Kurnianingsih, Sasmojo Widito, Valerina Yogibuana Swastika Putri</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>