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The Complexity of Premature Coronary Artery Disease

Heart Science Journal · Vol. 5 No. 3 (2024) · pp. 4–9

DOI
10.21776/ub/hsj.2024.005.03.2
ISSN
2721-9984, 2721-9976
Published
2024-07-30
Publisher
Universitas Brawijaya
Language
en

Abstract

Premature Coronary Artery Disease presents a significant health concern globally, characterized by the onset of coronary atherosclerosis at an early age, typically before the age of 55 in men and 65 in women. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the various aspects of premature CAD, ranging from its underlying pathophysiology to diagnostic modalities such as coronary angiography. Beginning with an overview of the risk factors contributing to premature CAD, including genetic predispositions, lifestyle factors, and metabolic disorders, the review delves into the intricate mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the review discusses the clinical manifestations and challenges associated with diagnosing premature CAD, particularly in asymptomatic individuals. It examines the utility of non-invasive imaging techniques, stress testing in identifying coronary artery stenosis, cardiovascular risk and the principles of coronary angiography. The review outlines the principles of coronary angiography, including patient preparation, procedural techniques, and interpretation of angiographic findings. In conclusion, this comprehensive review provides insights into the multifaceted nature of premature CAD, elucidating its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic evaluation, with a focus on the pivotal role of coronary angiography in guiding therapeutic interventions and optimizing patient outcomes.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 279 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • University of Brawijaya
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Ardian RizalAffiliation unknown35
Indra PrasetyaAffiliation unknown28
Cholid Tri TjahjonoAffiliation unknown27
Budi SatrijoAffiliation unknown26
Setyasih AnjarwaniAffiliation unknown23
Novi KurnianingsihAffiliation unknown23
Djanggan SargowoAffiliation unknown20
Heny MartiniAffiliation unknown18
Sasmojo WiditoAffiliation unknown14
Yoga WaranugrahaAffiliation unknown11
Wella KarolinaAffiliation unknown10
Valerinna YogibuanaAffiliation unknown9
Tri AstiawatiAffiliation unknown6
Adhika Prastya WikanandaAffiliation unknown5
Muhammad Rizki FadlanAffiliation unknown5
Imelda KrisnasariAffiliation unknown5
Veny KurniawatiAffiliation unknown4
Dadang HendrawanAffiliation unknown3
Hayla Iqda MillisaniAffiliation unknown3
Lukitasari Ayu GaluhAffiliation unknown3
Putri Annisa KamilaUniversity of Brawijaya3
Jonny Karunia FajarAffiliation unknown3
Olivia HandayaniAffiliation unknown3
Fahmy RusnantaAffiliation unknown3
Fitranti Suciati LaitupaAffiliation unknown3
Ayu Asri Devi AdityawatiAffiliation unknown3
Oktafin Srywati PamunaAffiliation unknown3
Seprian WidasmaraAffiliation unknown3
Fandy Hazzy AlfataAffiliation unknown3
Lutfi Hafiz ZunardiAffiliation unknown3
Tonny AdriyantoAffiliation unknown2
Anita Surya SantosoAffiliation unknown2
Pawik SupriadiAffiliation unknown2
Wira Kimahesa AnggoroAffiliation unknown2
Dedy IrawanAffiliation unknown2
Arif WicaksonoAffiliation unknown2
Imam Mi'raj SuprayogaAffiliation unknown2

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Complexity of Premature Coronary Artery Disease</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Noverike, Nikhen</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rahimah, Anna Fuji</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rohman, Mohammad Saifur</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Premature Coronary Artery Disease</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Coronary Angiography</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Risk factor</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Premature Coronary Artery Disease presents a significant health concern globally, characterized by the onset of coronary atherosclerosis at an early age, typically before the age of 55 in men and 65 in women. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the various aspects of premature CAD, ranging from its underlying pathophysiology to diagnostic modalities such as coronary angiography. Beginning with an overview of the risk factors contributing to premature CAD, including genetic predispositions, lifestyle factors, and metabolic disorders, the review delves into the intricate mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the review discusses the clinical manifestations and challenges associated with diagnosing premature CAD, particularly in asymptomatic individuals. It examines the utility of non-invasive imaging techniques, stress testing in identifying coronary artery stenosis, cardiovascular risk and the principles of coronary angiography. The review outlines the principles of coronary angiography, including patient preparation, procedural techniques, and interpretation of angiographic findings. In conclusion, this comprehensive review provides insights into the multifaceted nature of premature CAD, elucidating its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic evaluation, with a focus on the pivotal role of coronary angiography in guiding therapeutic interventions and optimizing patient outcomes.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Brawijaya</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-07-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/15807</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21776/ub/hsj.2024.005.03.2</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Heart Science Journal; Vol. 5 No. 3 (2024): The Science and Art of Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome; 4-9</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9984</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9976</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21776/ub.hsj.2024.005.03</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/15807/414</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2024 Nikhen Noverike</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>