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The endothelial injury technique using intravenous catheters: a new alternative method for developing atherosclerotic plaque models in Wistar rats

Heart Science Journal · Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 78–84

DOI
10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.01.14
ISSN
2721-9984, 2721-9976
Published
2026-01-31
Publisher
Universitas Brawijaya
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

Background: Developing an atherosclerotic plaque model is crucial in atherosclerosis research, as creating such a model remains a significant challenge. Objective: This study evaluates the endothelial injury technique using intravenous catheters as an alternative method for developing atherosclerotic plaque models in Wistar rats. Methods: This true experimental study employs a post-test-only control group design. Twenty-two adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: a control group, a treatment group that underwent a 6-week intervention, and another treatment group that underwent an 8-week intervention. The control group was fed a standard diet of 320 kcal per 100 grams, while both treatment groups received a high-fat diet of 414 kcal per 100 grams. In the second week, endothelial injury was induced in the left common carotid artery of both treatment groups using a 26G intravenous catheter. The parameters assessed in the atherosclerotic plaque model included matrix metalloprotease-9 expression, M1 macrophage activity, M2 macrophage activity, maximal intima thickness, and the degree of arterial stenosis. Result: The endothelial injury technique using intravenous catheters significantly impacted matrix metalloprotease-9 expression (p<0.001) in both the 6-week and 8-week treatment groups compared to the control group. In contrast, the treatment's effects on maximal intima thickness (p=0.003) and the degree of arterial stenosis (p=0.002) were statistically significant only after 8 weeks of intervention compared to the control group. Conclusion: The endothelial injury techniques using intravenous catheters can be considered an alternative method for developing atherosclerotic plaque models in Wistar rats. Although this new technique has several limitations, it holds promise for further development in future studies.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 110 co-authorship links · 4 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Diponegoro University
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Universitas Muslim Indonesia
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Erma SafitriAffiliation unknown3
Yusra PintaningrumAffiliation unknown2
Yanna IndrayanaAffiliation unknown2
Syarief Thaufik HidayatAffiliation unknown2
Shifa FauziyahAffiliation unknown2
Teguh Hari SuciptoAffiliation unknown2
Imam MustofaAffiliation unknown2
Tri Wahyu SuprayogiAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad Fajar AmrullahAffiliation unknown2
Ristaqul Husna BelganiaAffiliation unknown2
Rimayanti RimayantiUniversitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin2
Tita Damayanti LestariAffiliation unknown2
Ahmad AshariUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
M Ridwan TahirAffiliation unknown1
Hartono HartonoDiponegoro University1
Suharto SuhartoDiponegoro University1
Hartono HartonoAffiliation unknown1
Suharto SuhartoAffiliation unknown1
Adi Kurniawan YusimDiponegoro University1
Wawan FransiscoAffiliation unknown1
Angga Aldilla GussmanAffiliation unknown1
Samsidar SamsidarUniversitas Muslim Indonesia1
Fitri Arianti SaputriAffiliation unknown1
Itok Dwi KurniawanAffiliation unknown1
Abdul Kadir JaelaniAffiliation unknown1
Isharyanto IsharyantoAffiliation unknown1
Dinda ApriliaAffiliation unknown1
Iwan IwanAffiliation unknown1
Sabarinah SabarinahAffiliation unknown1
Irwanto IrwantoAffiliation unknown1
Zubairi DjoerbanAffiliation unknown1
Surilena SurilenaAffiliation unknown1
R Irawati IsmailAffiliation unknown1
Arwin A.P. AkipAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The endothelial injury technique using intravenous catheters: a new alternative method for developing atherosclerotic plaque models in Wistar rats</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ermawan, Romi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pikir, Budi Susetyo </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mulyanto, Mulyanto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Utomo, Budi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Widjiati , Widjiati </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Oktaviono, Yudi Her</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Atherosclerotic plaque</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Endothelial injury</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Model</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Wistar rats</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Developing an atherosclerotic plaque model is crucial in atherosclerosis research, as creating such a model remains a significant challenge.
Objective: This study evaluates the endothelial injury technique using intravenous catheters as an alternative method for developing atherosclerotic plaque models in Wistar rats.
Methods: This true experimental study employs a post-test-only control group design. Twenty-two adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: a control group, a treatment group that underwent a 6-week intervention, and another treatment group that underwent an 8-week intervention. The control group was fed a standard diet of 320 kcal per 100 grams, while both treatment groups received a high-fat diet of 414 kcal per 100 grams. In the second week, endothelial injury was induced in the left common carotid artery of both treatment groups using a 26G intravenous catheter. The parameters assessed in the atherosclerotic plaque model included matrix metalloprotease-9 expression, M1 macrophage activity, M2 macrophage activity, maximal intima thickness, and the degree of arterial stenosis.
Result: The endothelial injury technique using intravenous catheters significantly impacted matrix metalloprotease-9 expression (p&amp;lt;0.001) in both the 6-week and 8-week treatment groups compared to the control group. In contrast, the treatment's effects on maximal intima thickness (p=0.003) and the degree of arterial stenosis (p=0.002) were statistically significant only after 8 weeks of intervention compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The endothelial injury techniques using intravenous catheters can be considered an alternative method for developing atherosclerotic plaque models in Wistar rats. Although this new technique has several limitations, it holds promise for further development in future studies.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Brawijaya</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-01-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/20482</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.01.14</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Heart Science Journal; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Accelerating Clinical Breakthroughs: The Journey from Molecular Discovery to Patient Care; 78-84</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9984</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9976</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.01</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/20482/562</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Romi Ermawan, Budi Susetyo Pikir, Mulyanto, Budi Utomo, Widjiati, Yudi Her Oktaviono</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>