Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Open access Journal SINTA 1

Predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention in premature coronary artery disease: An Indonesian single-centre cohort study

Heart Science Journal · Vol. 7 No. 4 (2026) · pp. 40–47

DOI
10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.04.8
ISSN
2721-9984, 2721-9976
Published
2026-10-13
Publisher
Universitas Brawijaya
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

Background: Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is increasingly recognised in Asian percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) practice, yet baseline predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after revascularisation remain poorly characterised.Objective: To identify independent baseline predictors of MACE after PCI in PCAD and determine whether a stricter "Asia Pacific" age band discriminates risk within the premature range.Methods: Retrospective cohort study at a tertiary PCI centre in Malang, Indonesia (January 2022–March 2025; follow-up censored 1 May 2026). Patients meeting 2019 ACC/AHA PCAD criteria (men <55 years or women <65 years) with confirmed obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) treated by PCI were enrolled. The primary outcome was composite MACE (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, heart-failure hospitalisation, or unplanned revascularisation), assessed by cause-specific Cox proportional-hazards regression.Result: Among 318 patients who completed follow-up (median age 50 years; 31.4% women; median follow-up 930.5 days), 41 MACE events occurred (12.9%). MACE incidence was similar between Asia Pacific PCAD (n=159; 11.3%) and Older PCAD (n=159; 14.5%; 3-year cumulative incidence 12.0% vs 16.9%; log-rank p=0.308). Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF <40%) and dyslipidaemia were independent baseline predictors (LVEF <40%: adjusted HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09–2.95; dyslipidaemia: adjusted HR 3.84, 95% CI 2.09–7.07; C=0.717, bootstrap-corrected C=0.715 (1000 resamples; optimism +0.002)).Conclusion: Reduced LVEF and dyslipidaemia were the principal baseline predictors of MACE in this Indonesian single-centre PCAD post-PCI cohort; age stratification within the premature range did not discriminate risk. Results should be interpreted in the context of 29.3% loss to follow-up and single-centre design.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 247 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • University of Brawijaya
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Mohammad Saifur RohmanAffiliation unknown20
Indra PrasetyaAffiliation unknown11
Setyasih AnjarwaniAffiliation unknown10
Anna Fuji RahimahAffiliation unknown9
Cholid Tri TjahjonoAffiliation unknown8
Djanggan SargowoAffiliation unknown8
Sasmojo WiditoAffiliation unknown7
Novi KurnianingsihAffiliation unknown7
Ardian RizalAffiliation unknown6
Heny MartiniAffiliation unknown3
Muhammad Rizki FadlanAffiliation unknown3
Yoga WaranugrahaAffiliation unknown2
Putri Annisa KamilaUniversity of Brawijaya2
Dea Arie KurniawanAffiliation unknown2
Harris KristantoAffiliation unknown2
Lutfi Hafiz ZunardiAffiliation unknown2
SEBASTIAN MARGINOAffiliation unknown2
Yoseph Budi UtomoAffiliation unknown1
Olivia HandayaniAffiliation unknown1
Dadang HendrawanAffiliation unknown1
Anita Surya SantosoAffiliation unknown1
Hendrawati HendrawatiAffiliation unknown1
Liemena Harold AdrianAffiliation unknown1
Aditya Reza PratamaAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Rizki Rizki FadlanAffiliation unknown1
Taufieq Ridlo MakhmudAffiliation unknown1
Faris Wahyu NugrohoAffiliation unknown1
Ayu Asri Devi AdityawatiAffiliation unknown1
Imelda KrisnasariAffiliation unknown1
Bayu AjiAffiliation unknown1
Arief WibisonoAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention in premature coronary artery disease: An Indonesian single-centre cohort study</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suryo Baskoro, Shalahuddin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Noverikhe, Nikhen</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Herbani, Merlita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Filano, Marco</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Veliawan, Zhafran</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yolanda, Anindia Reina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wulandari, Ayu Paramitha</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rohman, Muhammad Saifur</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Satrijo, Budi</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Dyslipidemia</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ejection fraction</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en"> major adverse cardiovascular events</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Premature coronary artery disease</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is increasingly recognised in Asian percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) practice, yet baseline predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after revascularisation remain poorly characterised.Objective: To identify independent baseline predictors of MACE after PCI in PCAD and determine whether a stricter "Asia Pacific" age band discriminates risk within the premature range.Methods:  Retrospective cohort study at a tertiary PCI centre in Malang, Indonesia (January 2022–March 2025; follow-up censored 1 May 2026). Patients meeting 2019 ACC/AHA PCAD criteria (men &amp;lt;55 years or women &amp;lt;65 years) with confirmed obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) treated by PCI were enrolled. The primary outcome was composite MACE (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, heart-failure hospitalisation, or unplanned revascularisation), assessed by cause-specific Cox proportional-hazards regression.Result: Among 318 patients who completed follow-up (median age 50 years; 31.4% women; median follow-up 930.5 days), 41 MACE events occurred (12.9%). MACE incidence was similar between Asia Pacific PCAD (n=159; 11.3%) and Older PCAD (n=159; 14.5%; 3-year cumulative incidence 12.0% vs 16.9%; log-rank p=0.308). Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF &amp;lt;40%) and dyslipidaemia were independent baseline predictors (LVEF &amp;lt;40%: adjusted HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09–2.95; dyslipidaemia: adjusted HR 3.84, 95% CI 2.09–7.07; C=0.717, bootstrap-corrected C=0.715 (1000 resamples; optimism +0.002)).Conclusion: Reduced LVEF and dyslipidaemia were the principal baseline predictors of MACE in this Indonesian single-centre PCAD post-PCI cohort; age stratification within the premature range did not discriminate risk. Results should be interpreted in the context of 29.3% loss to follow-up and single-centre design.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Brawijaya</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-10-13</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/20800</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.04.8</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Heart Science Journal; Vol. 7 No. 4 (2026): Navigating High-Risk Cardiovascular Subsets: Premature Disease, Plaque Complexity, and Precision Interventions; 40-47</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9984</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9976</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.04</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/20800/619</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Shalahuddin Suryo Baskoro, Nikhen Noverikhe, Merlita Herbani, Marco Filano, Zhafran Veliawan, Anindia Reina Yolanda, Ayu Paramitha Wulandari, Muhammad Saifur Rohman, Budi Satrijo</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>