Journal SINTA 1
Performance Analysis of EPC Material as a Kidney Organ Phantom with Exposure Voltage Variations and PA-GF-Based Kidney Stone Size
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS · Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 399–408
- ISSN
- 2477-6416, 2089-0133
- Published
- 2025-10-16
- Publisher
- Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University
- Language
- eng
Abstract
Research in the field of radiodiagnostics has been extensively developed, creating the need for substitute objects to represent human organs—namely, radiological phantoms. A phantom is a simulated model of an organ fabricated using 3D printing technology. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of Expanded Polyamide – Glass Fiber (EPA-GF) as a kidney stone phantom material embedded within a kidney phantom, based on parameters such as material density, CT number, electron density, and radiation dose across various CT scan exposure voltages. The phantom samples were printed using a dual-extruder 3D printer, with Expanded Polycarbonate (EPC) used as the kidney phantom material. CT scan exposure voltages were set to 80 kV, 100 kV, and 120 kV. Kidney stone sizes used in this study ranged from 1 mm to 8 mm (1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, and 8 mm). The measured density of EPA-GF was 1.51 ± 0.06 g/cm³. The CT numbers obtained at each voltage were 373.30 HU, 329.05 HU, and 299.46 HU, respectively. The corresponding electron density values were 1.231, 1.210, and 1.196, respectively. The effective doses measured at each voltage were 0.0240 mSv, 0.0448 mSv, and 0.0798 mSv. All parameter values were found to be closely aligned with literature references. The smallest visible kidney stone size detected was 2 mm.
Keywords
Collaboration network of the authors
34 authors · 92 co-authorship links · 5 across different organisations
Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.
- Sebelas Maret University
- Diponegoro University
- Cenderawasih University
- Lampung University
- Yogyakarta State University
- Affiliation unknown
- Different organisations
- Same organisation
- Affiliation unknown
- Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
| Co-author | Organisation | Joint articles |
|---|---|---|
| Soeparmi Soeparmi | Affiliation unknown | 4 |
| Delta Nur Septianingsih | Affiliation unknown | 3 |
| Tonang Dwi Ardyanto | Affiliation unknown | 3 |
| Resta Farits Pradana | Affiliation unknown | 3 |
| Sorja Koesuma | Affiliation unknown | 2 |
| Nanda Astika Devi | Sebelas Maret University | 2 |
| Adnan Cindyana | Diponegoro University | 2 |
| Aisyah Ajibah Rahmah | Affiliation unknown | 2 |
| Lukmaniyah Rizky Amalia | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Suharno Suharno | Cenderawasih University | 1 |
| Nanang Wiyono | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Nuryani Nuryani | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Budi Purnama | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Yusuf Anggara Aji | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Utari Utari | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Riyatun Riyatun | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Dwi Teguh Raharjo | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Egyn Furqon Ghozali | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Nuryani N | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Esti Suryani | Sebelas Maret University | 1 |
| Rizka Dewi Meilina | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Ahmad Marzuki | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Arrini Nurul M | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Hastho Wuriatmo | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Jarot Purnomo | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Viyanti Viyanti | Lampung University | 1 |
| Zuhdan Kun Prasetyo | Yogyakarta State University | 1 |
| Hervin Maulina | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| A. Suparmi | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
| Luthfiya Kurnia Permatahati | Affiliation unknown | 1 |
Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.