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Voltage Instability and Voltage Regulating Distribution Transformer Assessment Under Renewable Energy Penetration For Low Voltage Distribution System

Indonesian Journal of Electical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) · Vol. 11 No. 3 (2023) · pp. 673–684

DOI
10.52549/ijeei.v11i3.4857
ISSN
2089-3272, 2089-3272
Published
2023-08-28
Publisher
IAES Indonesian Section
Language
en

Abstract

The Voltage Regulating Distribution Transformer (VRDT) is a tap-changing transformer that regulates the voltage across all three phases. However, its application in the context of renewable energy penetration into low-voltage grids remains understudied. This paper addresses this research gap by presenting a refined voltage drop model tailored for the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) distribution network. Based on a derived mathematical equation, the model is validated and analyzed using Simulink's modeling platform. Simulations are performed without and with the VRDT, revealing that renewable energy penetration can cause instability, leading to voltage deviations proportional to the injected renewable energy. Incorporating the VRDT in the low-voltage grid allows for voltage adjustment under loaded conditions, ensuring uninterrupted renewable energy injection. Voltage stability analysis is conducted using actual load consumption data from the IIUM network for 2020 and 2021, offering valuable insights despite assuming equal energy consumption across buildings. Most hostels exhibit stable distribution systems with solar energy, but instability arises when solar energy comprises 100% of the input for the Safiyyah and Zubair hostels' 11kV distribution transformers. Implementing the VRDT regulates this instability, restoring system stability. This study highlights the importance of VRDT integration in high renewable energy proportion low-voltage grids, enabling voltage regulation and stability under variable renewable energy injection scenarios. The findings demonstrate that VRDTs mitigate voltage instability caused by renewable energy, providing a reliable solution for incorporating renewables into low-voltage distribution networks. It contributes to understanding renewable energy's impact on distribution system stability and offers guidance for VRDT implementation in similar contexts.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 122 co-authorship links · 25 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • International Islamic University Malaysia
  • International Islamic University, Islamabad
  • Yogyakarta State University
  • Özyeğin University
  • University of Kuala Lumpur
  • University of Indonesia
  • International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Mira KartiwiInternational Islamic University Malaysia18
Fatchul ArifinYogyakarta State University9
Ali SophianAffiliation unknown6
Arselan AshrafAffiliation unknown6
Sheroz KhanInternational Islamic University, Islamabad4
Nurul Fadzlin HasbullahInternational Islamic University, Islamabad3
Aisha HashimAffiliation unknown3
Alhareth ZyoudInternational Islamic University Malaysia3
Suriza Ahmad ZabidiAffiliation unknown3
Mashkuri YaacobAffiliation unknown3
Hasmah MansorInternational Islamic University Malaysia2
Noreha Abdul MalikInternational Islamic University Malaysia2
Rashidah Funke OlanrewajuInternational Islamic University Malaysia2
Ahmed Samir Abed BadawiInternational Islamic University Malaysia2
Mohammed ElamassieÖzyeğin University2
Malik Arman MorshidiInternational Islamic University Malaysia2
Aris NasuhaAffiliation unknown2
Anggun WinursitoAffiliation unknown2
Ardy Seto PriambodoAffiliation unknown2
Majdee TohtayongAffiliation unknown2
Nur Shahida MidiAffiliation unknown2
Ahmed Samir BadawiAffiliation unknown2
Amart SulongInternational Islamic University Malaysia1
Othman Omran KhalifaInternational Islamic University Malaysia1
Hassan DaoUniversity of Kuala Lumpur1
Abdul MutholibInternational Islamic University Malaysia1
Israth Jahan ChowdhuryInternational Islamic University Malaysia1
Md. Rafiqul IslamInternational Islamic University Malaysia1
Nur Aishah ZainalInternational Islamic University Malaysia1
Intan Rahmithul Husna YaldiInternational Islamic University Malaysia1
Yasmin Mahira Saiful MunirInternational Islamic University Malaysia1
Tika ArundinaUniversity of Indonesia1
Mohd Azmi OmarInternational Centre for Education in Islamic Finance1
Nur Atikah Muhamat SalehInternational Islamic University Malaysia1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://section.iaesonline.com/index.php/IJEEI/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Voltage Instability and Voltage Regulating Distribution Transformer Assessment Under Renewable Energy Penetration For Low Voltage Distribution System</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Razali, Nur Syazana Izzati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Gunawan, Teddy Surya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yusoff, Siti Hajar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Habaebi, Mohamed Hadi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ibrahim, Saerahany Legori</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mohd Sapihie, Siti Nadiah</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Voltage-regulated distribution transformer</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">low voltage</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">voltage stability</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">voltage drop model</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Simulink</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The Voltage Regulating Distribution Transformer (VRDT) is a tap-changing transformer that regulates the voltage across all three phases. However, its application in the context of renewable energy penetration into low-voltage grids remains understudied. This paper addresses this research gap by presenting a refined voltage drop model tailored for the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) distribution network. Based on a derived mathematical equation, the model is validated and analyzed using Simulink's modeling platform. Simulations are performed without and with the VRDT, revealing that renewable energy penetration can cause instability, leading to voltage deviations proportional to the injected renewable energy. Incorporating the VRDT in the low-voltage grid allows for voltage adjustment under loaded conditions, ensuring uninterrupted renewable energy injection. Voltage stability analysis is conducted using actual load consumption data from the IIUM network for 2020 and 2021, offering valuable insights despite assuming equal energy consumption across buildings. Most hostels exhibit stable distribution systems with solar energy, but instability arises when solar energy comprises 100% of the input for the Safiyyah and Zubair hostels' 11kV distribution transformers. Implementing the VRDT regulates this instability, restoring system stability. This study highlights the importance of VRDT integration in high renewable energy proportion low-voltage grids, enabling voltage regulation and stability under variable renewable energy injection scenarios. The findings demonstrate that VRDTs mitigate voltage instability caused by renewable energy, providing a reliable solution for incorporating renewables into low-voltage distribution networks. It contributes to understanding renewable energy's impact on distribution system stability and offers guidance for VRDT implementation in similar contexts. </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">IAES Indonesian Section</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2023-08-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://section.iaesonline.com/index.php/IJEEI/article/view/4857</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.52549/ijeei.v11i3.4857</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI); Vol. 11 No. 3: September 2023; 673-684</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2089-3272</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2089-3272</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://section.iaesonline.com/index.php/IJEEI/article/view/4857/853</dc:relation>
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