Human Capital and Regional Economic Growth in Indonesia: A Spatial Analysis Approach

Windhani, Kikin; Purwaningsih, Yunastiti; Mulyaningsih, Tri; Samudro, Bhimo Rizky; Hardoyono, Fajar

doi:10.22146/ijg.88241

Open access Journal SINTA 1

Human Capital and Regional Economic Growth in Indonesia: A Spatial Analysis Approach

Indonesian Journal of Geography · Vol. 55 No. 3 (2023) · pp. 473–487

DOI: 10.22146/ijg.88241
ISSN: 2354-9114, 0024-9521
Published: 2023-12-12
Publisher: Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Language: eng
License: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstract

Endogenous growth theory assumes that human capital is a prominent factor in regional economic growth. However, the imbalance of human capital between regions is still a major problem in economic growth in Indonesia. Previous studies on regional economic growth have recognized the importance of considering spatial aspects as a determinant of regional economic growth. The geographical area in the form of an archipelago with a large number of administrative districts and cities produces pros and cons regarding the influence of spatial aspects on the regional growth of urban districts. This study aims to analyze the distribution of human capital using the Alternative Human Development Index (AHDI) approach and the effect of human capital and spatial aspects on the regional economic growth of urban districts in Indonesia within the framework of endogenous growth theory. The research method uses geometric mean to measure the Alternative Human Development Index, Geographic Information System (GIS) to see the distribution of human capital and regional economic growth in Indonesia, and the spatial regression Spatial Autoregressive Moving Average (SARMA) used to analyze the spatial aspects of human capital and regional economic growth in Indonesia. The results show that human capital in Indonesia is still unequal between the western and eastern parts of Indonesia. Human capital and spatial factors have positive effects and are the most influential determinants of Indonesia's regional economic growth, as indicated by the value of the spatial lag weight matrix of the dependent variable (ρ) and the spatial error term (λ) that is positive. Play This Podcast Article

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

26 authors · 49 co-authorship links

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Jenderal Soedirman University
Bandung Institute of Technology
Sebelas Maret University
Affiliation unknown

Different organisations
Same organisation
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Co-author	Organisation	Joint articles
Anne Daly	Affiliation unknown	4
Riyana Miranti	Affiliation unknown	2
Ratna Setyawati Gunawan	Jenderal Soedirman University	2
Dicky Satria Ramadhan	Affiliation unknown	2
Anzar Alfat Firdaus	Affiliation unknown	2
Wimala Eka Adyatma	Jenderal Soedirman University	1
Evi Gravitiani	Affiliation unknown	1
Anisya Nur Widya	Affiliation unknown	1
Nurul Istiqomah	Affiliation unknown	1
Sutomo Sutomo	Affiliation unknown	1
Riski Wicaksono	Affiliation unknown	1
Ahmad Dahlan	Bandung Institute of Technology	1
Atabik Atabik	Affiliation unknown	1
Khafifatul Fian	Affiliation unknown	1
Malik Cahyadin	Affiliation unknown	1
Emi Widiyanti	Affiliation unknown	1
H. Harini	Affiliation unknown	1
Dhian Adhitya	Affiliation unknown	1
Amelia Choya Tia Rosalia	Affiliation unknown	1
Sri Hastjarjo	Sebelas Maret University	1
Rutiana Wahyunengseh	Affiliation unknown	1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijg/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.

Original metadata (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Human Capital and Regional Economic Growth in Indonesia: A Spatial Analysis Approach</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Windhani, Kikin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Purwaningsih, Yunastiti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mulyaningsih, Tri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Samudro, Bhimo Rizky</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hardoyono, Fajar</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Regional economics, development, spatial analysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">human capital; alternative human development index; spatial aspects; regional economic growth; regional inequality</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Regional economics</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Endogenous growth theory assumes that human capital is a prominent factor in regional economic growth. However, the imbalance of human capital between regions is still a major problem in economic growth in Indonesia. Previous studies on regional economic growth have recognized the importance of considering spatial aspects as a determinant of regional economic growth. The geographical area in the form of an archipelago with a large number of administrative districts and cities produces pros and cons regarding the influence of spatial aspects on the regional growth of urban districts. This study aims to analyze the distribution of human capital using the Alternative Human Development Index (AHDI) approach and the effect of human capital and spatial aspects on the regional economic growth of urban districts in Indonesia within the framework of endogenous growth theory. The research method uses geometric mean to measure the Alternative Human Development Index, Geographic Information System (GIS) to see the distribution of human capital and regional economic growth in Indonesia, and the spatial regression Spatial Autoregressive Moving Average (SARMA) used to analyze the spatial aspects of human capital and regional economic growth in Indonesia. The results show that human capital in Indonesia is still unequal between the western and eastern parts of Indonesia. Human capital and spatial factors have positive effects and are the most influential determinants of Indonesia's regional economic growth, as indicated by the value of the spatial lag weight matrix of the dependent variable (ρ) and the spatial error term (λ) that is positive.  Play This Podcast Article </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada</dc:publisher>
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	<dc:date>2023-12-12</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Quantitative</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijg/article/view/88241</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22146/ijg.88241</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Indonesian Journal of Geography; Vol 55, No 3 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Geography; 473-487</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2354-9114</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0024-9521</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijg/article/view/88241/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijg/article/downloadSuppFile/88241/28571</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijg/article/downloadSuppFile/88241/28572</dc:relation>
	<dc:coverage xml:lang="en-US">Indonesia</dc:coverage>
	<dc:coverage xml:lang="en-US">2020</dc:coverage>
	<dc:coverage xml:lang="en-US">Spatial and cross section data</dc:coverage>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2023 Kikin Windhani</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
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