Performance analysis of multi carrier PWM techniques for a 5-phase three level NPC inverter in EV applications

Yarlagadda, Venu; Kavitha, N.; Kumar, Chava Sunil; Naveen, G.; Mareddy, Swetha; Reddy, S. Venkata Rami; Rao, K. V. Govardhan

doi:10.11591/ijape.v15.i3.pp1264-1274

Open access Journal SINTA 1

Performance analysis of multi carrier PWM techniques for a 5-phase three level NPC inverter in EV applications

International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) · Vol. 15 No. 3 (2026) · pp. 1264–1274

DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v15.i3.pp1264-1274
ISSN: 2722-2624, 2252-8792
Published: 2026-09-01
Publisher: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
Language: eng
License: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Multi-phase multilevel inverters have become more popular in contemporary applications due to their many benefits, which include lower switching losses, decreased common mode voltage, and reduced stress from voltage on switches. This study focuses on enhancing total harmonic distortion (THD) performance in a five-phase multilevel neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter using various multi-carrier pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, including PD, POD, APOD, IC, PSC, and VFC. These approaches are particularly suitable for electric vehicle and industrial motor applications. Several PWM approaches were used in the SIMULINK environment to model and simulate a 5-phase, 3-level NPC inverter. In this study, the performance of load voltage THD is compared using R and RL loads connected to a multilevel inverter. Additionally, 5-phase induction motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor models are developed as loads for electric vehicle applications, and variations in torque, speed, and stator current are analyzed. The PD modulation technique showed the lowest THD among the various PWM methods, demonstrating its effectiveness in maximizing inverter performance.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

34 authors · 128 co-authorship links

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Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation
Affiliation unknown

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Same organisation
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Co-author	Organisation	Joint articles
T Rakesh	Affiliation unknown	2
Malligunta Kiran Kumar	Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation	2
Phanendra T	Affiliation unknown	1
Swapna G	Affiliation unknown	1
Vishnuvardhan M	Affiliation unknown	1
M Kiran Kumar	Affiliation unknown	1
Gurrala Madhusudhana Rao	Affiliation unknown	1
Mamidala Vijay Karthik	Affiliation unknown	1
Annavarapu Ananda Kumar	Affiliation unknown	1
Tummeti Parameshwar	Affiliation unknown	1
Abbaraju Hima Bindu	Affiliation unknown	1
B. Jyothi	Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation	1
N. Sumana Keerthi	Affiliation unknown	1
M. Sharanya	Affiliation unknown	1
CH. Srinivas	Affiliation unknown	1
K. Shravani	Affiliation unknown	1
V. Sanjeeva Rao	Affiliation unknown	1
Teerdala Rakesh	Affiliation unknown	1
Nittala Ramchandra	Affiliation unknown	1
Devarakonda Mahidhar	Affiliation unknown	1
Burthi Loveswara Rao	Affiliation unknown	1
C. H. Rami Reddy	Affiliation unknown	1
G. Anjali Devi	Affiliation unknown	1
Swapna Ganapaneni	Affiliation unknown	1
L. Sirisaiah	Affiliation unknown	1
Lokesh Kotha	Affiliation unknown	1
Subhash Manchikanti	Affiliation unknown	1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ijape.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAPE/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.

Original metadata (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Performance analysis of multi carrier PWM techniques for a 5-phase three level NPC inverter in EV applications</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Yarlagadda, Venu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kavitha, N.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kumar, Chava Sunil</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Naveen, G.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mareddy, Swetha</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Reddy, S. Venkata Rami</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rao, K. V. Govardhan</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">5-phase induction motor; 5-phase multilevel inverter; MCPWM; PMSM; pulse width modulation</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Multi-phase multilevel inverters have become more popular in contemporary applications due to their many benefits, which include lower switching losses, decreased common mode voltage, and reduced stress from voltage on switches. This study focuses on enhancing total harmonic distortion (THD) performance in a five-phase multilevel neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter using various multi-carrier pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, including PD, POD, APOD, IC, PSC, and VFC. These approaches are particularly suitable for electric vehicle and industrial motor applications. Several PWM approaches were used in the SIMULINK environment to model and simulate a 5-phase, 3-level NPC inverter. In this study, the performance of load voltage THD is compared using R and RL loads connected to a multilevel inverter. Additionally, 5-phase induction motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor models are developed as loads for electric vehicle applications, and variations in torque, speed, and stator current are analyzed. The PD modulation technique showed the lowest THD among the various PWM methods, demonstrating its effectiveness in maximizing inverter performance.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US"></dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2026-09-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ijape.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAPE/article/view/22162</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.11591/ijape.v15.i3.pp1264-1274</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE); Vol 15, No 3: September 2026; 1264-1274</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2722-2624</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-8792</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.11591/ijape.v15.i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijape.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAPE/article/view/22162/13502</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Venu Yarlagadda, N. Kavitha, Chava Sunil Kumar, G. Naveen, Swetha Mareddy, S. Venkata Rami Reddy, K. V. Govardhan Rao</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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