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Adaptive P&O algorithm for fast and acurate maximum power point tracking for PV system

International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) · Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026) · pp. 590–599

DOI
10.11591/ijape.v15.i2.pp590-599
ISSN
2722-2624, 2252-8792
Published
2026-06-01
Publisher
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

In this study, we proposed an adaptive perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm designed for efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) systems. This method addresses key challenges in solar energy systems, including variability in solar irradiation and partial shading conditions. The proposed method introduced a dynamic and adaptive in adjusting the step size of the P&O as it nears the maximum power point (MPP), enhancing tracking precision and reducing energy losses. To show the ability of the proposed, we compared it with the conventional P&O and GWO & P&O. The proposed adaptive P&O MPPT algorithm consistently maintains near ideal tracking efficiency of ≈99.7% across various irradiance scenarios, significantly outperforming conventional P&O, which drops to 74.45% under partial shading. Overall, it achieves an average efficiency of 99.71%, surpassing hybrid P&O GWO (99.52%) and conventional P&O (91.30%), demonstrating superior reliability and energy harvesting performance. The results indicated that the proposed could reduce power deviations and obtain greater accuracy in detecting MPP. The study confirms the method's potential for optimizing energy extraction and suggests further refinement for broader applicability. This advancement represents a significant step in enhancing the reliability and efficiency of PV systems in both grid-connected and off-grid applications.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 104 co-authorship links · 13 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal
  • Universitas Syiah Kuala
  • Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University Yogyakarta
  • Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare
  • Other organisations
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Fitri ArniaUniversitas Syiah Kuala4
Khairul MunadiUniversitas Syiah Kuala4
Malahayati MalahayatiPoliteknik Negeri Sriwijaya4
Muhammad Rizal FachriAffiliation unknown3
Yuwaldi AwayUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
Asrul HamidSekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal2
Raja RitongaAffiliation unknown2
Aprianti ApriantiAffiliation unknown2
Laila SholehahAffiliation unknown2
Habibi AkbarAffiliation unknown2
Ramdhan Halid SiregarAffiliation unknown2
Mahdi SyukriAffiliation unknown2
Chairunnisa DjayadinSunan Kalijaga State Islamic University Yogyakarta1
Andri Muda NstSekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal1
Zuhdi HsbSekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal1
Khairan ARUniversitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry1
Mawardi MawardiAffiliation unknown1
Malahayati UmarAffiliation unknown1
Mouliza AstariAffiliation unknown1
Fathiah FathiahAffiliation unknown1
Arika Dhien SartikaAffiliation unknown1
Amien Refnas RaisAffiliation unknown1
Idham IdhamNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Muljono DamopoliiAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Shabir UmarAffiliation unknown1
M. Yusuf T.Affiliation unknown1
Nurhayati NurhayatiPoliteknik Negeri Ujung Pandang1
Abdullah AbdullahUniversitas Muhammadiyah Parepare1
Fadli Andi NatsifAffiliation unknown1
Hasbi SiddikAffiliation unknown1
Suryadi NasutionSekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal1
Resi Atna Sari SiregarAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Wahyuddin AbdullahAffiliation unknown1
Rezki Amalia FathurrahmanAffiliation unknown1
Rika Dwi Ayu ParmitasariAffiliation unknown1
Usman UsmanUniversitas Syiah Kuala1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ijape.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAPE/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Adaptive P&amp;O algorithm for fast and acurate maximum power point tracking for PV system</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Fathurrahman, Fathurrahman</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Utami, Rika Sri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Akhyar, Akhyar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Saddami, Khairun</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">adaptive P&amp;O; maximum power point tracking; partial shading; photovoltaic; PV system</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">In this study, we proposed an adaptive perturb and observe (P&amp;amp;O) algorithm designed for efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) systems. This method addresses key challenges in solar energy systems, including variability in solar irradiation and partial shading conditions. The proposed method introduced a dynamic and adaptive in adjusting the step size of the P&amp;amp;O as it nears the maximum power point (MPP), enhancing tracking precision and reducing energy losses. To show the ability of the proposed, we compared it with the conventional P&amp;amp;O and GWO &amp;amp; P&amp;amp;O. The proposed adaptive P&amp;amp;O MPPT algorithm consistently maintains near ideal tracking efficiency of ≈99.7% across various irradiance scenarios, significantly outperforming conventional P&amp;amp;O, which drops to 74.45% under partial shading. Overall, it achieves an average efficiency of 99.71%, surpassing hybrid P&amp;amp;O GWO (99.52%) and conventional P&amp;amp;O (91.30%), demonstrating superior reliability and energy harvesting performance. The results indicated that the proposed could reduce power deviations and obtain greater accuracy in detecting MPP. The study confirms the method's potential for optimizing energy extraction and suggests further refinement for broader applicability. This advancement represents a significant step in enhancing the reliability and efficiency of PV systems in both grid-connected and off-grid applications.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US"></dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2026-06-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ijape.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAPE/article/view/21706</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.11591/ijape.v15.i2.pp590-599</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE); Vol 15, No 2: June 2026; 590-599</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2722-2624</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-8792</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.11591/ijape.v15.i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijape.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAPE/article/view/21706/13445</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Fathurrahman, Rika Sri Utami, Akhyar, Khairun Saddami</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>