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Microplastic Risk Assessment in an Urban Tropical Stream Using Active Biomonitoring with Native Fish

Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia · Vol. 15 No. 3 (2026)

DOI
10.15294/jpii.v15i3.41394
ISSN
2089-4392, 2339-1286
Published
2026-09-29
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Microplastic pollution has been reported worldwide. However, current assessments remain limited by quantification and evaluation based on abiotic factors. Unlike passive biomonitoring, which reflects wide biological variability in wild-caught fish, active biomonitoring with caged, standardized organisms provides controlled environmental exposure. This study introduces an early warning framework by integrating active biomonitoring with a multi-index approach to evaluate the levels (Pollution Load Index), the impact on the environment (Coefficients of Microplastic Index), bioavailability in the organism (Microplastic Index), and Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) by humans of microplastic pollution in a stream threatened by urbanization. The caged native fish (Rasbora lateristriata) were placed at three sites along the urbanized Winongo Stream for a 28-day exposure period. The microplastics were extracted from water samples and fish organs and characterized by size, shape, color, and polymer type. This study found that small size, fiber, and black color were the dominant microplastic types in surface water and fish tissues at all sampling sites. This study identified polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyamide as the polymers. Pollution levels ranged from low to moderate, and the potential environmental impact of microplastic shape ranged from low to extreme. The Microplastics Index shows the translocation from water to the body of fish, and the Estimated Daily Intake shows that humans possibly consume microplastics by eating fish muscle. These findings highlight the potential measurable risk of dietary exposure through fish consumption, underscoring the importance of integrating active biomonitoring with ecological risk indices for assessing microplastic contamination in tropical freshwater ecosystems. Education on proper, sustainable waste management and comprehensive policies is needed to mitigate plastic pollution in aquatic environments.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 104 co-authorship links · 5 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Diponegoro University
  • University of Brawijaya
  • Universitas Papua
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
sukirno sukirnoAffiliation unknown3
Hanindyo AdiAffiliation unknown3
Abdulrahman Saad AldawoodAffiliation unknown3
Pradnya ParamitaAffiliation unknown2
Luthfia Uswatun KhasanahAffiliation unknown2
R.C. Hidayat SoesilohadiAffiliation unknown2
SudaryatnoAffiliation unknown2
Rarastoeti PratiwiAffiliation unknown2
Y. E. NadarUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Kuswati KuswatiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Sulifah Aprilya HarianiAffiliation unknown1
Dwi Puji HayatiAffiliation unknown1
Jihan Restu BuanaAffiliation unknown1
Sudaryatno SudaryatnoAffiliation unknown1
Sutikno SutiknoDiponegoro University1
Tri Retnaningsih SoeprobowatiDiponegoro University1
S. Djalal TandjungAffiliation unknown1
Peter GellAffiliation unknown1
Ronggo SadonoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Djoko MarsonoAffiliation unknown1
Agustinus MurdjokoUniversitas Papua1
Muhammad SulaimanAffiliation unknown1
Heni Wahyu SartikaAffiliation unknown1
Pairah PairahAffiliation unknown1
Irfan Agus NugrohoAffiliation unknown1
Ananda Briliana RomadhonaAffiliation unknown1
Christabel Reviana SeptianingtyasAffiliation unknown1
Laila Nurul IlmaAffiliation unknown1
Ari Satia NugrahaAffiliation unknown1
Ludmilla Fitri UntariAffiliation unknown1
Diah RachmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Abdul Razaq ChasaniAffiliation unknown1
Kuntum FebriyantiningrumAffiliation unknown1
Sari Budi Moria SembiringAffiliation unknown1
Jhon Harianto HutapeaAffiliation unknown1
Ketut MahardikaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpii/oai, first harvested 29 Oct 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Microplastic Risk Assessment in an Urban Tropical Stream Using Active Biomonitoring with Native Fish</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ariyunita, Selvi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hadisusanto, Suwarno</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Retnoaji, Bambang</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nugroho, Andhika Puspito</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">consumption</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">freshwater</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">health risk</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">monitoring</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">rasbora</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Microplastic pollution has been reported worldwide. However, current assessments remain limited by quantification and evaluation based on abiotic factors. Unlike passive biomonitoring, which reflects wide biological variability in wild-caught fish, active biomonitoring with caged, standardized organisms provides controlled environmental exposure. This study introduces an early warning framework by integrating active biomonitoring with a multi-index approach to evaluate the levels (Pollution Load Index), the impact on the environment (Coefficients of Microplastic Index), bioavailability in the organism (Microplastic Index), and Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) by humans of microplastic pollution in a stream threatened by urbanization. The caged native fish (Rasbora lateristriata) were placed at three sites along the urbanized Winongo Stream for a 28-day exposure period. The microplastics were extracted from water samples and fish organs and characterized by size, shape, color, and polymer type. This study found that small size, fiber, and black color were the dominant microplastic types in surface water and fish tissues at all sampling sites. This study identified polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyamide as the polymers. Pollution levels ranged from low to moderate, and the potential environmental impact of microplastic shape ranged from low to extreme. The Microplastics Index shows the translocation from water to the body of fish, and the Estimated Daily Intake shows that humans possibly consume microplastics by eating fish muscle. These findings highlight the potential measurable risk of dietary exposure through fish consumption, underscoring the importance of integrating active biomonitoring with ecological risk indices for assessing microplastic contamination in tropical freshwater ecosystems. Education on proper, sustainable waste management and comprehensive policies is needed to mitigate plastic pollution in aquatic environments.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-09-29</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpii/article/view/41394</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jpii.v15i3.41394</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia; Vol. 15 No. 3 (2026): September 2026</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2089-4392</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2339-1286</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jpii.v15i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpii/article/view/41394/11573</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>