Establishment of Green Chemistry Awareness Instrument for secondary school students

Che Ahmad, Che Nidzam; Yahaya, Asmayati; Yahaya, Rozita; Taha, Hafsah; Ibrahim, Mohd Mokhzani

doi:10.11591/ijere.v11i4.23406

Open access Journal SINTA 1

Establishment of Green Chemistry Awareness Instrument for secondary school students

International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) · Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022) · pp. 1833–1844

DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v11i4.23406
ISSN: 2620-5440, 2252-8822
Published: 2022-12-01
Publisher: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
Language: eng
License: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument that can assess green chemistry awareness among secondary schools. This study applied a quantitative approach with a survey design to obtain information related to items and constructs to build an instrument to access student awareness of green chemistry. The study population involved all form four students who are taking a chemistry subject in 85 secondary schools in the State of Melaka, Malaysia. This study involved two phases and all the respondents were selected using a random sampling method. The first phase involved 700 respondents and the second phase involved 500 respondents. The pilot study involved 100 students who were also randomly selected from the same population but not involved in phase I and phase II study. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. As a result, the Green Chemistry Awareness Instrument (GCAI) was developed. GCAI contains six constructs with a total of 29 items; knowledge (eight items), attitudes (six items), value (eight items), and awareness lighting (seven items). GCAI was found to have good content and construct validity as well as high reliability. Hence, it can assess green chemistry awareness among secondary school students. GCAI also has the advantage of being easily administered.

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Co-author	Organisation	Joint articles
SAEDAH SIRAJ	Affiliation unknown	2
Mazlina Che’ Mustafa	Affiliation unknown	2
Abdul Halim Masnan	Affiliation unknown	2
Muhammad Haziq Mohd Sharif	Affiliation unknown	2
Masayu Dzainuddin	Affiliation unknown	2
Mohd Mokhzani Ibrahim	Affiliation unknown	2
Che Nidzam Che Ahmad	Affiliation unknown	2
Saipolbarin Ramli	Affiliation unknown	2
Rosfizah Md Taib	Affiliation unknown	2
Sze Yee Choo	Affiliation unknown	1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ijere.iaescore.com/index.php/IJERE/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.

Original metadata (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Establishment of Green Chemistry Awareness Instrument for secondary school students</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Che  Ahmad, Che Nidzam</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yahaya, Asmayati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yahaya, Rozita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Taha, Hafsah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ibrahim, Mohd Mokhzani</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Awareness; Development; Green chemistry; Instrument</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The purpose of the study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument that can assess green chemistry awareness among secondary schools. This study applied a quantitative approach with a survey design to obtain information related to items and constructs to build an instrument to access student awareness of green chemistry. The study population involved all form four students who are taking a chemistry subject in 85 secondary schools in the State of Melaka, Malaysia. This study involved two phases and all the respondents were selected using a random sampling method. The first phase involved 700 respondents and the second phase involved 500 respondents. The pilot study involved 100 students who were also randomly selected from the same population but not involved in phase I and phase II study. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. As a result, the Green Chemistry Awareness Instrument (GCAI) was developed. GCAI contains six constructs with a total of 29 items; knowledge (eight items), attitudes (six items), value (eight items), and awareness lighting (seven items). GCAI was found to have good content and construct validity as well as high reliability. Hence, it can assess green chemistry awareness among secondary school students. GCAI also has the advantage of being easily administered.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">This research has been carried out under the Fundamental Research Grants Scheme (FRGS/1/2018/SSI09/UPSI/02/4) provided by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia.</dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2022-12-01</dc:date>
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	<dc:identifier>https://ijere.iaescore.com/index.php/IJERE/article/view/23406</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.11591/ijere.v11i4.23406</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE); Vol 11, No 4: December 2022; 1833-1844</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2620-5440</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-8822</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.11591/ijere.v11i4</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijere.iaescore.com/index.php/IJERE/article/view/23406/13451</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2022 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
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