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Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) at Bench-Scale High Temperature-Pressure Steam Reactor for Enhancement of Enzymatic Saccharification

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development : JRED · Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021) · pp. 157–169

DOI
10.14710/ijred.2021.32343
ISSN
2252-4940
Published
2021-05-01
Publisher
Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Upscaling of biomass pretreatment from laboratory scale to a bench-scale reactor is one of the important steps in the application of the pretreatment for pilot or commercial scale. This study reports the optimization of pretreatment conditions, namely reaction temperature and time, by one factor at a time (OFAT) method for the enhancement of enzymatic saccharification of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). OPEFB was pretreated using high temperature-pressure steam reactor with different reaction temperatures (160, 170, 180, 190, 200 °C) and times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 min). The effectiveness of the pretreatment was determined based on chemical compositions of raw OPEFB and OPEFB pulp and sugar production from enzymatic saccharification of the OPEFB pulp. Solubilized components from OPEFB, such as glucose, xylose, formic acid, acetic acid, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), and furfural in the hydrolysate that generated during steam pretreatment were also determined. Pretreatment at 180°C for 20 min provides the highest sugar yields (97.30% of glucose yield per initial cellulose and 88.86% of xylose yield per initial hemicellulose). At the optimum condition, 34.9% of lignin and 30.75% of hemicellulose are successfully removed from the OPEFB and resulted in 3.43 delignification selectivity. The relationship between severity factor and by-products generated and the sugars obtained after enzymatic saccharification are discussed. The pulp of OPEFB at the optimum condition was also characterized for its morphological characteristic by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and crystallinity by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). These pulp characteristics are then compared with those of the raw OPEFB. The steam pretreatment causes some fiber disruptions with more defined and opened structures and increases the crystallinity index (CrI) by 2.9% compared to the raw OPEFB.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 165 co-authorship links · 1 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

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  • IPB University
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Lucky RisantoAffiliation unknown6
Apri Heri IswantoIPB University5
Oktan Dwi NurhayatNational Research and Innovation Agency3
Sita Heris AnitaAffiliation unknown3
Fenny Clara ArdiatiAffiliation unknown3
Dede Heri Yuli YantoAffiliation unknown3
Bambang PrasetyaNational Research and Innovation Agency2
Khaswar SyamsuIPB University2
Wasrin SyafiiAffiliation unknown2
Apip AmrullahAffiliation unknown2
Obie FarobieAffiliation unknown2
Danang Sudarwoko AdiAffiliation unknown2
Wahyu DwiantoAffiliation unknown2
Nyoman WistaraAffiliation unknown1
S Heris AnitaAffiliation unknown1
SunardiAffiliation unknown1
Wiwin Tyas IstikowatiAffiliation unknown1
Budi SutiyaAffiliation unknown1
Purnama LestariAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad ArsyadAffiliation unknown1
LusyianiAffiliation unknown1
Danang Sudarwoko AdiAffiliation unknown1
Riska Surya NingrumAffiliation unknown1
Dede Heri Yuli YantoAffiliation unknown1
Yusup AminAffiliation unknown1
NartoAffiliation unknown1
Dimas TriwibowoAffiliation unknown1
Teguh DarmawanAffiliation unknown1
Swastika PraharyawanAffiliation unknown1
Delicia Yunita RahmanAffiliation unknown1
Ayu Lana NafisyahAffiliation unknown1
Marsiti ApriastiniAffiliation unknown1
Puji Rahmawati NurcahyaniAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) at Bench-Scale High Temperature-Pressure Steam Reactor for Enhancement of Enzymatic Saccharification</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Sari, Fahriya Puspita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Falah, Faizatul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Anita, Sita Heris</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ramadhan, Kharisma Panji</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Laksana, Raden Permana Budi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Fatriasari, Widya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hermiati, Euis</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Steam pretreatment; bench scale reactor; enzymatic saccharification; OPEFB</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Upscaling of biomass pretreatment from laboratory scale to a bench-scale reactor is one of the important steps in the application of the pretreatment for pilot or commercial scale. This study reports the optimization of pretreatment conditions, namely reaction temperature and time, by one factor at a time (OFAT) method for the enhancement of enzymatic saccharification of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). OPEFB was pretreated using high temperature-pressure steam reactor with different reaction temperatures (160, 170, 180, 190, 200 °C) and times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 min). The effectiveness of the pretreatment was determined based on chemical compositions of raw OPEFB and OPEFB pulp and sugar production from enzymatic saccharification of the OPEFB pulp.  Solubilized components from OPEFB, such as glucose, xylose, formic acid, acetic acid, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), and furfural in the hydrolysate that generated during steam pretreatment were also determined. Pretreatment at 180°C for 20 min provides the highest sugar yields (97.30% of glucose yield per initial cellulose and 88.86% of xylose yield per initial hemicellulose). At the optimum condition, 34.9% of lignin and 30.75% of hemicellulose are successfully removed from the OPEFB and resulted in 3.43 delignification selectivity. The relationship between severity factor and by-products generated and the sugars obtained after enzymatic saccharification are discussed. The pulp of OPEFB at the optimum condition was also characterized for its morphological characteristic by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and crystallinity by X-ray diffractometry (XRD).  These pulp characteristics are then compared with those of the raw OPEFB. The steam pretreatment causes some fiber disruptions with more defined and opened structures and increases the crystallinity index (CrI) by 2.9% compared to the raw OPEFB.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Center of Biomass &amp; Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2021-05-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/32343</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.14710/ijred.2021.32343</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Renewable Energy Development; Vol 10, No 2 (2021): May 2021; 157-169</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-4940</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/32343/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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