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Supply and Demand Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell as a Renewable Energy Source for Industries

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development : JRED · Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022) · pp. 481–490

DOI
10.14710/ijred.2022.41971
ISSN
2252-4940
Published
2022-05-05
Publisher
Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Depleting stockpile of fossil fuels and rising global temperature due to the greenhouse effect are probably the two most threatening factors to civilization sustainability. Converting biomass into a readily available energy source will help reduce dependency on fossil fuels, whilst at the same time moderating greenhouse gas emmissions due to its carbon neutrality. Palm oil industry is the largest source of biomass in Indonesia and the available quantity to be utilized is growing inline with the steady growth of the generating industry. Among various wastes from palm oil processing, palm kernel shell is an oil palm biomass with high potential to be applied as a source of energy, given its high caloric value and distinctive physical properties. This source of renewable energy can be utilized by industries with thermal conversion processes. As a prerequisite, a feasibility study on technical, environmental, and economic aspects needs to be carried out. From long term perspective, supply, demand, and regulatory situational analysis will also be required. Lastly, a review on the existing palm kernel shell supply chain will help to understand its current situation. Based on literature studies and field observations, we have identified supply and demand characteristics that will be valuable in constructing an effective, efficient, and sustainable supply chain model of palm kernel shell. Understanding these characteristics is a precursor in realizing this massive potential of renewable energy source in the industrial context.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 110 co-authorship links · 7 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • IPB University
  • IAIN Kudus
  • Universitas Dian Nuswantoro
  • Bandung Institute of Technology
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Machfud MachfudIPB University3
Partono PartonoIAIN Kudus3
Herri SusantoBandung Institute of Technology3
Retno AstutiIPB University2
Yandra ArkemanIPB University2
Widiatmaka WidiatmakaAffiliation unknown2
Syamsu HadiAffiliation unknown2
Ismiyati IsmiyatiAffiliation unknown2
Defni FeifiIPB University1
Sri MartiniIPB University1
Muhammad AsrolIPB University1
M. YaniIPB University1
Eizo TairaIPB University1
Hartrisari HardjomidjojoIPB University1
Rindra YusiantoUniversitas Dian Nuswantoro1
Suprihatin SuprihatinIPB University1
Nurul UmmiIPB University1
Erliza NoorIPB University1
Muhammad RomliIPB University1
Yeni HerdiyeniIPB University1
Riyan Naufal HaysAffiliation unknown1
Alin Budiani RizkyAffiliation unknown1
Nailul HanaAffiliation unknown1
Yekti PrasetyasniAffiliation unknown1
Alin Budiani RiskyAffiliation unknown1
Elisa AnggraeniIPB University1
Taryono TaryonoIPB University1
Raden Bagus Tri Joko WibowoAffiliation unknown1
Etty RianiAffiliation unknown1
Uju UjuAffiliation unknown1
Arief WicaksonoAffiliation unknown1
Rodiah Nurbaya SariAffiliation unknown1
Sri Suryo SukoraharjoAffiliation unknown1
Ema HastariniAffiliation unknown1
Franciscus Edi PriyonoAffiliation unknown1
Sunarto ZulkifliAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Supply and Demand Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell as a Renewable Energy Source for Industries</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Handaya, Handaya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Susanto, Herry</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Indrawan, Dikky</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Marimin, Marimin</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">biomass supply chain; industrial energy; palm kernel shell; palm oil industry; renewable energy</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Depleting stockpile of fossil fuels and rising global temperature due to the greenhouse effect are probably the two most threatening factors to civilization sustainability. Converting biomass into a readily available energy source will help reduce dependency on fossil fuels, whilst at the same time moderating greenhouse gas emmissions due to its carbon neutrality. Palm oil industry is the largest source of biomass in Indonesia and the available quantity to be utilized is growing inline with the steady growth of the generating industry. Among various wastes from palm oil processing, palm kernel shell is an oil palm biomass with high potential to be applied as a source of energy, given its high caloric value and distinctive physical properties. This source of renewable energy can be utilized by industries with thermal conversion processes. As a prerequisite, a feasibility study on technical, environmental, and economic aspects needs to be carried out. From long term perspective, supply, demand, and regulatory situational analysis will also be required. Lastly, a review on the existing palm kernel shell supply chain will help to understand its current situation. Based on literature studies and field observations, we have identified supply and demand characteristics that will be valuable in constructing an effective, efficient, and sustainable supply chain model of palm kernel shell. Understanding these characteristics is a precursor in realizing this massive potential of renewable energy source in the industrial context.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Center of Biomass &amp; Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2022-05-05</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/41971</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.14710/ijred.2022.41971</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Renewable Energy Development; Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022; 481-490</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-4940</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/41971/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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