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The effect of different surface functionalization of SBA-15 catalysts on the production of C16 bio-aviation fuel precursor

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development : JRED · Vol. 15 No. 3 (2026) · pp. 486–494

DOI
10.61435/ijred.2026.61977
ISSN
2252-4940
Published
2026-05-01
Publisher
Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

The increasing global demand for sustainable aviation fuels has driven extensive research on developing efficient heterogeneous catalysts. This study investigates the effect of different surface functionalization methods of mesoporous SBA-15 on its catalytic activity for the production of a C16 precursor of bio-aviation fuel. The SBA-15 surfaces were modified by two acid functionalization routes, namely sulfonation and sulfation, to enhance its surface acidity and catalytic activity. Sulfonation was carried out using 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) followed by oxidation to obtain the SO3H–SBA-15 catalyst containing sulfonic acid groups (–SO3H), while sulfation using ammonium sulfate as a precursor produced the SO4–SBA-15 catalyst containing sulfate groups (SO42-). Both catalysts were characterized using NH3-TPD and acid-base titration to quantify the total acidity. The catalytic performance was evaluated through hydroxyalkylation-alkylation (HAA) reaction between 2-methylfuran (2-MF) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) to synthesize a C16 bio-aviation fuel precursor, 5,5′-(4-methylpentane-2,2-diyl) bis(2-methylfuran) abbreviated as MPM. The results revealed that both modification methods effectively increased the total acid of SBA-15. However, the sulfated SBA-15 catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity and stronger acid strength than the sulfonated one due to formation of more acid sites on its surface. Therefore, the sulfation route was identified as a more effective strategy for developing highly active solid acid catalysts. This research demonstrates the superior properties of sulfated mesoporous SBA-15 as a promising and sustainable heterogenous catalyst for converting biomass-derived platform chemicals into advanced C16 bio-aviation fuel precursors.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 144 co-authorship links · 3 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Hasanuddin University
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Sebelas Maret University
  • Tadulako University
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Lenny MarlindaAffiliation unknown7
Sudibyo SudibyoAffiliation unknown7
Sugeng PriyantoAffiliation unknown6
Abdul AzizSebelas Maret University5
Maja Pranata MarbunAffiliation unknown5
Sitti Wahidah MasnaniAffiliation unknown4
Achmad RoesyadiAffiliation unknown4
Nino RinaldiAffiliation unknown4
Peri OktiarmiAffiliation unknown4
Mujadilah nurAffiliation unknown3
Sri RahayuHasanuddin University3
Hasanudin HasanudinAffiliation unknown3
Danawati Hari PrajitnoAffiliation unknown3
Karna WijayaAffiliation unknown3
Aldino Javier SaviolaAffiliation unknown3
Marini Fairuz VebryanaAffiliation unknown3
Amalia DzulqaidahAffiliation unknown2
Andi AgussalimHasanuddin University2
Zuhriah ZuhriahAffiliation unknown2
RAHAYU RAHAYUUniversitas Halu Oleo2
Yudi YudiAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad ArsyadUniversitas Halu Oleo2
Novia NoviaTadulako University2
Roni MaryanaAffiliation unknown2
Wan Ryan AsriAffiliation unknown2
Fitri HadiahAffiliation unknown2
Adyatma BhagaskaraAffiliation unknown2
Yuni Krisyuningsih KrisnandiAffiliation unknown2
Vera PermatasariNational Research and Innovation Agency2

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The effect of different surface functionalization of SBA-15 catalysts on the production of C16 bio-aviation fuel precursor</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Yati, Indri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mukhayani, Feri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Salsabila, Denisa Fitri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kurnia, Irwan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Al Muttaqii, Muhammad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Amin, Amalia Kurnia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Adany, Fildzah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Tachrim, Zetryana Puteri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Andreani, Agustina Sus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Jawad, Ali H</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ridwan, Muhammad</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">SBA-15; sulfation; sulfonation; hydroxyalkylation-alkylation (HAA) reaction; C16 bio-aviation fuel</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The increasing global demand for sustainable aviation fuels has driven extensive research on developing efficient heterogeneous catalysts. This study investigates the effect of different surface functionalization methods of mesoporous SBA-15 on its catalytic activity for the production of a C16 precursor of bio-aviation fuel. The SBA-15 surfaces were modified by two acid functionalization routes, namely sulfonation and sulfation, to enhance its surface acidity and catalytic activity. Sulfonation was carried out using 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) followed by oxidation to obtain the SO3H–SBA-15 catalyst containing sulfonic acid groups (–SO3H), while sulfation using ammonium sulfate as a precursor produced the SO4–SBA-15 catalyst containing sulfate groups (SO42-). Both catalysts were characterized using NH3-TPD and acid-base titration to quantify the total acidity. The catalytic performance was evaluated through hydroxyalkylation-alkylation (HAA) reaction between 2-methylfuran (2-MF) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) to synthesize a C16 bio-aviation fuel precursor, 5,5′-(4-methylpentane-2,2-diyl) bis(2-methylfuran) abbreviated as MPM. The results revealed that both modification methods effectively increased the total acid of SBA-15. However, the sulfated SBA-15 catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity and stronger acid strength than the sulfonated one due to formation of more acid sites on its surface. Therefore, the sulfation route was identified as a more effective strategy for developing highly active solid acid catalysts. This research demonstrates the superior properties of sulfated mesoporous SBA-15 as a promising and sustainable heterogenous catalyst for converting biomass-derived platform chemicals into advanced C16 bio-aviation fuel precursors.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Center of Biomass &amp; Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-05-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:identifier>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/61977</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.61435/ijred.2026.61977</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Renewable Energy Development; Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026; 486-494</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-4940</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/61977/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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