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Biofuel Conversion from Waste Cooking Oil Using Ni-Cu Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Silica Synthesized via Acidic CTAB-P123 Templating

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis (2027)

DOI
10.9767/bcrec.20842
ISSN
1978-2993
Published
2027-04-30
Publisher
Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of acidic pH variations (pH 1, 3, and 6) on the synthesis of mesoporous silica as a support for Ni-Cu catalysts in the hydrocracking of waste cooking oil (WCO) into biofuel. The synthesis was conducted via reflux method using CTAB and Pluronic P123 as templates, followed by impregnation with 5% Ni-Cu metals at a 3:1 ratio. Gas sorption analysis (GSA) revealed that catalyst synthesized at pH 6 (K-6) achieved the highest surface area (413.44 m2/g) and total acidity (7.63 mmol/g). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed amorphous silica structures with metallic Ni and Cu phases, while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy verified Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. Hydrocracking at catalyst temperature and 500°C feed temperature (1:100 catalyst-to-feed ratio) was evaluated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Catalyst K-6 demonstrated superior catalytic performance with 98.87% total conversion activity and 78.99% selectivity toward biofuel fraction. These findings highlight the significant potential of pH-optimized Ni-Cu/mesoporous silica catalysts for sustainable biofuel production from WCO.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 137 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang
  • Badan Pusat Statistik
  • Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
  • Diponegoro University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Adi DarmawanAffiliation unknown4
Arnelli ArnelliAffiliation unknown3
Nurhayati NurhayatiPoliteknik Negeri Ujung Pandang2
Lia HandayaniAffiliation unknown2
Hendri WidiyandariAffiliation unknown2
Cut RahmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Azwar ThaibAffiliation unknown1
Prisca Putri ElestaAffiliation unknown1
Didik Setyo WidodoAffiliation unknown1
Ratna BalgisAffiliation unknown1
Siti NurhayatiAffiliation unknown1
Pardoyo PardoyoAffiliation unknown1
Amilia FauziyahAffiliation unknown1
Arum Dista WulansariAffiliation unknown1
Rizka AndianingrumAffiliation unknown1
Gaurav A. BhaduriAffiliation unknown1
Agus MuslimBadan Pusat Statistik1
Trie Nanda MulyanaAffiliation unknown1
Brainy Happy Ana TasimanAffiliation unknown1
Hendri WidyandariAffiliation unknown1
Lukman HakimInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Karna WijayaAffiliation unknown1
Won-Chun OhAffiliation unknown1
Aldino Javier SaviolaAffiliation unknown1
Iqmal TahirAffiliation unknown1
Risandrika Dwijayanti Putri SetyonoAffiliation unknown1
Remi Ayu PratikaAffiliation unknown1
Eddy HeraldyAffiliation unknown1
Marcelinus ChristwardanaDiponegoro University1
Dilla DayantiAffiliation unknown1
K. KhoirunnisaAffiliation unknown1
H. HadiyantoAffiliation unknown1
Achmad Yanuar MaulanaAffiliation unknown1
Keisya Natania Nur A'intanAffiliation unknown1
Iis NurhasanahAffiliation unknown1
Fauzan MusthafaAffiliation unknown1
R.A. Yunita Suci RahayuAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/oai, first harvested 8 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Biofuel Conversion from Waste Cooking Oil Using Ni-Cu Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Silica Synthesized via Acidic CTAB-P123 Templating</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Suseno, Ahmad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sholika, Kumala Nadiah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Astuti, Yayuk</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">biofuel; catalyst; hydrocracking; mesoporous silica</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">This study investigated the effect of acidic pH variations (pH 1, 3, and 6) on the synthesis of mesoporous silica as a support for Ni-Cu catalysts in the hydrocracking of waste cooking oil (WCO) into biofuel. The synthesis was conducted via reflux method using CTAB and Pluronic P123 as templates, followed by impregnation with 5% Ni-Cu metals at a 3:1 ratio. Gas sorption analysis (GSA) revealed that catalyst synthesized at pH 6 (K-6) achieved the highest surface area (413.44 m2/g) and total acidity (7.63 mmol/g). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed amorphous silica structures with metallic Ni and Cu phases, while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy verified Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. Hydrocracking at  catalyst temperature and 500°C feed temperature (1:100 catalyst-to-feed ratio) was evaluated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Catalyst K-6 demonstrated superior catalytic performance with 98.87% total conversion activity and 78.99% selectivity toward biofuel fraction. These findings highlight the significant potential of pH-optimized Ni-Cu/mesoporous silica catalysts for sustainable biofuel production from WCO. </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2027-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/20842</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.9767/bcrec.20842</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis; 2026: Just Accepted Manuscript and Article In Press 2026; 22xx-xxx5</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-2993</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/20842/10024</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/20842/6629</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2027 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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