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Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Shallot, Bantul Regency

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health) · Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022) · pp. 82–89

DOI
10.20473/jkl.v14i2.2022.82-89
ISSN
2540-881X, 1829-7285
Published
2022-04-28
Publisher
Universitas Airlangga
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

Introduction: Shallots are one of the horticultural products in great demand by the public. Excessive heavy metal content in shallot will affect people's health who consume it. This study examines the health risks of the people who consume shallot products produced in Srigading Village. Methods: Determination of sampling locations was carried out by purposive sampling method on shallot cultivation land that was ready to harvest, as many as 30 points, in September 2021. Soil and shallot samples were tested for the heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, Co, and Ni. The public health risk assessment was analyzed by looking at the Transfer Factor (TF) value, daily intake, health risk index, hazard index, and cancer risk. Results and Discussion: The concentration of heavy metals in shallots is Pb 19.14 – 30.04 mg kg-1, Cd 1.03 – 2.21 mg kg-1, Co 8.58 – 15.08 ppm, and Ni 6.00 – 10.09 mg kg-1. The average value of Transfer Factor (TF) shows metal uptake by shallots with metal levels Cd (1.07) > Pb (1.03) > Ni (0.73) > Co (0.46). The average daily dose shows that the daily consumption in children is higher than the daily dose for adults. Conclusion: Children are more at risk of being exposed to heavy metals compared to adults in consuming shallots based on the hazard index value. The continuous use of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides in shallot farming must be controlled to prevent the increase of accumulation of heavy metals in land and agricultural products.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 92 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Palembang
  • Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Hidayatuz Zu'amahAffiliation unknown5
Irwansyah SukriAffiliation unknown3
Rina Dwi ArianiAffiliation unknown3
Sukarjo SukarjoPoliteknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Palembang3
Triyani DewiAffiliation unknown3
Bowo SusiloAffiliation unknown2
Sudrajat SudrajatAffiliation unknown2
Forita Dyah AriantiAffiliation unknown2
Iga MaligaAffiliation unknown1
Suryo PurwonoAffiliation unknown1
Herni HasifahAffiliation unknown1
Ana LestariAffiliation unknown1
Elya Pratiwi Isti FarohAffiliation unknown1
Hayyun NadiaAffiliation unknown1
Utia KafafaAffiliation unknown1
Bachtiar W. MutaqinAffiliation unknown1
Ariko V. MunandarAffiliation unknown1
Jatmiko JatmikoAffiliation unknown1
Ig.L. Setyawan PurnamaAffiliation unknown1
Evita Hanie PangaribowoAffiliation unknown1
Hadi Sabari YunusAffiliation unknown1
Slamet HartonoAffiliation unknown1
Hadi Sabari YunusAffiliation unknown1
Kasto .Affiliation unknown1
Sukamdi SukamdiUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Ratih Fitria PutriAffiliation unknown1
Josaphat Tetuko SriSumantyoAffiliation unknown1
Andung Bayu SekaranomUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Emilya NurjaniAffiliation unknown1
Andi Syahid MuttaqinAffiliation unknown1
Eko HaryonoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Dimas SeptianAffiliation unknown1
Tiara SarastikaUniversitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta1
S SupriyatiAffiliation unknown1
M C SatriagasaAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad BaiquniUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Rathna WijayantiAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/oai, first harvested 9 Nov 2026, last seen 9 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Shallot, Bantul Regency</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Handayani, Cicik Oktasari</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Martono, Edi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Harini, Rika</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">health risk</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">heavy metal</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">shallot</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Introduction: Shallots are one of the horticultural products in great demand by the public. Excessive heavy metal content in shallot will affect people's health who consume it. This study examines the health risks of the people who consume shallot products produced in Srigading Village. Methods: Determination of sampling locations was carried out by purposive sampling method on shallot cultivation land that was ready to harvest, as many as 30 points, in September 2021. Soil and shallot samples were tested for the heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, Co, and Ni. The public health risk assessment was analyzed by looking at the Transfer Factor (TF) value, daily intake, health risk index, hazard index, and cancer risk. Results and Discussion: The concentration of heavy metals in shallots is Pb 19.14 – 30.04 mg kg-1, Cd 1.03 – 2.21 mg kg-1, Co 8.58 – 15.08 ppm, and Ni 6.00 – 10.09 mg kg-1. The average value of Transfer Factor (TF) shows metal uptake by shallots with metal levels Cd (1.07) &amp;gt; Pb (1.03) &amp;gt; Ni (0.73) &amp;gt; Co (0.46). The average daily dose shows that the daily consumption in children is higher than the daily dose for adults. Conclusion: Children are more at risk of being exposed to heavy metals compared to adults in consuming shallots based on the hazard index value. The continuous use of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides in shallot farming must be controlled to prevent the increase of accumulation of heavy metals in land and agricultural products.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2022-04-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/32031</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jkl.v14i2.2022.82-89</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN ; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN; 82-89</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-881X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1829-7285</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/32031/17591</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/32031/17658</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>