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Pesticides Exposure and Thyroid Hormone Levels Among Agricultural Workers and Pesticide Applicators: A Systematic Review

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health) · Vol. 14 No. 3 (2022) · pp. 178–192

DOI
10.20473/jkl.v14i3.2022.178-192
ISSN
2540-881X, 1829-7285
Published
2022-07-29
Publisher
Universitas Airlangga
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

Introduction: Presently, the global consumption of pesticides including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides to protect crops is increasing. Pesticides' role as Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) has gained great concern in the field of thyroid hormones. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to determine the link of pesticide exposure with thyroid hormone levels among male agricultural workers and pesticide applicators. Discussion: It was discovered that the majority of reviewed articles have similar results concerning the effects of pesticide exposure on the serum levels of thyroid hormones among either farmworkers or pesticide applicators. Commonly, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides are known as one of the EDCs. The results showed the elevation of TSH and T4 serum levels mostly occurred among groups exposed to insecticide application only rather than those exposed to various pesticide types. Moreover, the hormonal change differed based on each class of pesticide. Conclusion: This review suggests that some types of pesticides extensively used in agriculture might be involved in the increase and decrease in thyroid hormone levels among exposed individuals. Further studies should assess specific types of pesticides and the adverse health effects which involve confounding factors to yield robust analysis.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 72 co-authorship links · 1 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Universitas Jambi
  • Universitas Esa Unggul
  • Universitas Syiah Kuala
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Apoina KartiniAffiliation unknown4
Budiyono BudiyonoAffiliation unknown3
Samingan SaminganAffiliation unknown2
Martha Irene KartasuryaAffiliation unknown2
P.W. NoviantiAffiliation unknown2
Lutfi ArdiantiAffiliation unknown1
Ariana ArianaAffiliation unknown1
Ari SujiptoAffiliation unknown1
M Thahir HaningAffiliation unknown1
Ashlikhatul Fuadah Al HasyimAffiliation unknown1
Dwi Sarwani Sri` RejekiAffiliation unknown1
Rachmat PermadiAffiliation unknown1
Sisworo SisworoAffiliation unknown1
Syahru RomadhoniAffiliation unknown1
Moh NasutionAffiliation unknown1
Dewi EllianaAffiliation unknown1
Ana Dwi TamaraAffiliation unknown1
Lia Ainun NikmahAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Addin RizaldiAffiliation unknown1
Syifa Ula HamidyaAffiliation unknown1
Khaidar AliAffiliation unknown1
Nur UlfahAffiliation unknown1
Priyanto PriyantoUniversitas Jambi1
Mohammad Kamal FauziAffiliation unknown1
Revi ErawatiAffiliation unknown1
Fitri Awalia PutriAffiliation unknown1
Annisah AnnisahAffiliation unknown1
Waliyudin WaliyudinAffiliation unknown1
Fice HandayaniAffiliation unknown1
Ratna Catur WidyaningtyaAffiliation unknown1
Fitri Alaida AlfianaAffiliation unknown1
Andi Ulfa Tenri PadaUniversitas Syiah Kuala1
Iswadi IswadiUniversitas Esa Unggul1
Tara Raudhatul JannahAffiliation unknown1
Syaukani SyaukaniUniversitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara1
Zulia AnandaAffiliation unknown1
Sirtina SirtinaAffiliation unknown1
Oviana LisaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/oai, first harvested 9 Nov 2026, last seen 9 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Pesticides Exposure and Thyroid Hormone Levels Among Agricultural Workers and Pesticide Applicators: A Systematic Review</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Suratman, Suratman</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Suhartono, Suhartono</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Pesticides exposure</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Thyroid disruption</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Thyroid stimulating hormone</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Thyroxine</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Triiodothyronine</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Introduction: Presently, the global consumption of pesticides including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides to protect crops is increasing. Pesticides' role as Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) has gained great concern in the field of thyroid hormones. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to determine the link of pesticide exposure with thyroid hormone levels among male agricultural workers and pesticide applicators. Discussion: It was discovered that the majority of reviewed articles have similar results concerning the effects of pesticide exposure on the serum levels of thyroid hormones among either farmworkers or pesticide applicators. Commonly, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides are known as one of the EDCs. The results showed the elevation of TSH and T4 serum levels mostly occurred among groups exposed to insecticide application only rather than those exposed to various pesticide types. Moreover, the hormonal change differed based on each class of pesticide. Conclusion: This review suggests that some types of pesticides extensively used in agriculture might be involved in the increase and decrease in thyroid hormone levels among exposed individuals. Further studies should assess specific types of pesticides and the adverse health effects which involve confounding factors to yield robust analysis.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2022-07-29</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/36033</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jkl.v14i3.2022.178-192</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN ; Vol. 14 No. 3 (2022): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN; 178-192</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-881X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1829-7285</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/36033/21950</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/36033/21951</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>