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Types and Toxicity Levels of Pesticides: A Study of an Agricultural Area in Brebes Regency

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health) · Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023) · pp. 109–119

DOI
10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.109-119
ISSN
2540-881X, 1829-7285
Published
2023-04-29
Publisher
Universitas Airlangga
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

Introduction: Previous studies found that young children, children, pregnant women, and farmers are at risk of pesticide exposure. Organophosphate pesticides are detected in children's urine, but other types of pesticides, their toxicity classification, and their toxicity level have not been identified. Hence, this study aims to identify types and toxicity levels of pesticides that are possible causes of health problems in an agricultural area. Methods: The population of the study were 1,017 households in two villages of an agricultural area of Brebes Regency, Indonesia. The data were collected from 166 participants using a cross-sectional design involving questionnaires to identify the characteristics of the respondents and observations to identify the pesticide, pesticide packaging, and pesticide residue in their houses. The toxicity levels of the pesticides were identified based on the pesticide toxicity classification recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Potential health problems due to pesticides were subsequently identified based on literature reviews. Results and Discussion: According to the results, organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid pesticides were found in 30.7% of the respondents' houses. The toxicity levels of the pesticides ranged from highly hazardous (Ib) to unlikely presenting acute hazard (U). The potential health problems due to pesticides varied from poisoning symptoms to genetic disorders and polymorphisms. Conclusion: There were three types of pesticides with toxicity levels ranging from highly hazardous to unlikely presenting acute hazard in the agricultural area in Brebes Regency

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 76 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Diponegoro University
  • Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya
  • Cenderawasih University
  • State University of Semarang
  • Muria Kudus University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Ani MargawatiAffiliation unknown4
Haryono HaryonoUniversitas Bhayangkara Surabaya3
Wardi WardiAffiliation unknown3
Sri Achadi NugraheniAffiliation unknown3
Hashfi Hawali Abdul MatinAffiliation unknown3
Ayun SriatmiAffiliation unknown3
Bagoes WidjanarkoAffiliation unknown3
Dina Rahayuning PangestutiDiponegoro University3
Yuli UtantoAffiliation unknown2
Samingan SaminganAffiliation unknown2
Martha Irene KartasuryaAffiliation unknown2
P.W. NoviantiAffiliation unknown2
Purwanto PurwantoCenderawasih University2
Sulistiyani SulistiyaniAffiliation unknown2
Sutopo Patria JatiAffiliation unknown2
Novia HandayaniAffiliation unknown2
Ariana ArianaAffiliation unknown1
Hartuti PurnaweniDiponegoro University1
Iklia MaritaAffiliation unknown1
Dyah PrimasariAffiliation unknown1
Naili FaridaAffiliation unknown1
Firmansyah Kholiq Pradana P. HAffiliation unknown1
Ratih RahayuningsihAffiliation unknown1
Antono SurjoputroAffiliation unknown1
Andi Irwan BenardiAffiliation unknown1
Moh. Nasrul BaharsyahAffiliation unknown1
Andre KiswantoAffiliation unknown1
Arin Ike KristantiAffiliation unknown1
Sofwan IndarjoState University of Semarang1
Efa NugrohoAffiliation unknown1
Bertakalswa HermawatiAffiliation unknown1
Dwi Ayu NingrumAffiliation unknown1
Amin YusufAffiliation unknown1
Nur Septhalny IsnainunAffiliation unknown1
Sholichatun Aisyah RahmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Riza AyuningtyasAffiliation unknown1
Fatikhatun NajikhahMuria Kudus University1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/oai, first harvested 9 Nov 2026, last seen 9 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Types and Toxicity Levels of Pesticides: A Study of an Agricultural Area in Brebes Regency</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Budiyono, Budiyono</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Suhartono, Suhartono</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kartini, Apoina</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Active ingredients</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US"> Agriculture</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Health effects</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Pesticides</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Toxicity</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Introduction: Previous studies found that young children, children, pregnant women, and farmers are at risk of pesticide exposure. Organophosphate pesticides are detected in children's urine, but other types of pesticides, their toxicity classification, and their toxicity level have not been identified. Hence, this study aims to identify types and toxicity levels of pesticides that are possible causes of health problems in an agricultural area. Methods: The population of the study were 1,017 households in two villages of an agricultural area of Brebes Regency, Indonesia. The data were collected from 166 participants using a cross-sectional design involving questionnaires to identify the characteristics of the respondents and observations to identify the pesticide, pesticide packaging, and pesticide residue in their houses. The toxicity levels of the pesticides were identified based on the pesticide toxicity classification recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Potential health problems due to pesticides were subsequently identified based on literature reviews. Results and Discussion: According to the results, organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid pesticides were found in 30.7% of the respondents' houses. The toxicity levels of the pesticides ranged from highly hazardous (Ib) to unlikely presenting acute hazard (U). The potential health problems due to pesticides varied from poisoning symptoms to genetic disorders and polymorphisms. Conclusion: There were three types of pesticides with toxicity levels ranging from highly hazardous to unlikely presenting acute hazard in the agricultural area in Brebes Regency</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2023-04-29</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/42704</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.109-119</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN ; Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN; 109-119</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-881X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1829-7285</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/42704/24463</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/42704/24464</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>