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Cigarette Smoke Exposure, but Not High Fat Diet, is Able to Induce Atherosclerosis in Wild-Type Rats

Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research · Vol. 8 No. 3 (2022) · pp. 130–137

DOI
10.14710/jbtr.v8i3.15744
ISSN
2503-2178
Published
2022-12-30
Publisher
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Background: High-fat diet (HFD) and cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) have been used to induce atherosclerosis in wild-type (WT) rats however, their effectivity remains unclear.Objective: To confirm and compare the effectivity of HFD and CSE on both the histopathology of aorta and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in WT rats.Methods: Thirty-six WT Wistar rats were divided into four main groups (K0, K1, K2, and K3) and four subgroups (K3A, K3B, K3C, and K3D). The negative control group (K0) was fed with regular diet. Group K1 was treated with an intravenous adrenaline followed by high-fat diet (HFD), K2 was fed with regular diet and given CSE, while K3 was treated with a combination of CSE and HFD. The serum and cardiac MDA levels were measured using ELISA. Hematoxylin eosin and oil red O staining of aorta were done for measuring of the intima-media thickness (IMT) ratio and for counting of foam cells, respectively. Results: Both serum and cardiac tissue MDA levels in either K1, K2, or K3 were significant higher (p<0.01) than that of in K0. IMT ratio in K3 was significant higher compared to other groups (p<0.01). Foam cell numbers were significant higher in K2 and K3 groups than that of in either K0 or K1 (p<0.01).Conclusion: While the HFD fails to induce atherosclerosis in WT rats for 28 days, either CSE or combination of CSE and HFD is able to induce it, and the combination is better than alone.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 122 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Neni SusilaningsihAffiliation unknown3
Etika Ratna NoerAffiliation unknown2
Faizah FulyaniAffiliation unknown2
Pipin ArdhiantoAffiliation unknown2
Yan HerryAffiliation unknown2
Dwi RetnoningrumAffiliation unknown2
Sultana MH FaradzAffiliation unknown2
Hery Djagat PurnomoAffiliation unknown2
Rayvita AN MeagratiaAffiliation unknown2
Ferdy Kurniawan CayamiAffiliation unknown2
Wiwik LestariAffiliation unknown2
Herera RahajengAffiliation unknown1
Awal PrasetyoAffiliation unknown1
Udadi SadhanaAffiliation unknown1
Hairul AsriAffiliation unknown1
Mahalul AzamAffiliation unknown1
Tommy SupitAffiliation unknown1
Nur Dina AmalinaAffiliation unknown1
Agung PutraAffiliation unknown1
Pangesti DrawinaAffiliation unknown1
Taufiqurrachman NasihunAffiliation unknown1
Bayu Tirta DirjaAffiliation unknown1
Qonita Nur QolbyState University of Semarang1
Muflihatul MunirohAffiliation unknown1
Julian DewantiningrumAffiliation unknown1
Besari Adi PramonoAffiliation unknown1
Eka Djatnika NugrahaAffiliation unknown1
Ignatius RiwantoAffiliation unknown1
Eriawan Agung NugrohoAffiliation unknown1
Mario Sadar Bernitho HutagalungAffiliation unknown1
Bernadus Parish BudionoAffiliation unknown1
Sigit Adi PrasetyoAffiliation unknown1
Kezia Yunandra KurniawanAffiliation unknown1
Monica Hermina Sharon Otline YockuAffiliation unknown1
Rachmania Anggita SavitriAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jbtr/oai, first harvested 9 Nov 2026, last seen 9 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Cigarette Smoke Exposure, but Not High Fat Diet, is Able to Induce Atherosclerosis in Wild-Type Rats</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Amanda, Qorry</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Widyastiti, Nyoman Suci</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Prajoko, Yan Wisnu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Maharani, Nani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Bahrudin, Udin</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Atherosclerosis; intima-media thickness ratio; foam cells; malondialdehyde; cigarette smoke exposure; high fat diet</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: High-fat diet (HFD) and cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) have been used to induce atherosclerosis in wild-type (WT) rats however, their effectivity remains unclear.Objective: To confirm and compare the effectivity of HFD and CSE on both the histopathology of aorta and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in WT rats.Methods: Thirty-six WT Wistar rats were divided into four main groups (K0, K1, K2, and K3) and four subgroups (K3A, K3B, K3C, and K3D). The negative control group (K0) was fed with regular diet. Group K1 was treated with an intravenous adrenaline followed by high-fat diet (HFD), K2 was fed with regular diet and given CSE, while K3 was treated with a combination of CSE and HFD. The serum and cardiac MDA levels were measured using ELISA. Hematoxylin eosin and oil red O staining of aorta were done for measuring of the intima-media thickness (IMT) ratio and for counting of foam cells, respectively. Results: Both serum and cardiac tissue MDA levels in either K1, K2, or K3 were significant higher (p&lt;0.01) than that of in K0. IMT ratio in K3 was significant higher compared to other groups (p&lt;0.01). Foam cell numbers were significant higher in K2 and K3 groups than that of in either K0 or K1 (p&lt;0.01).Conclusion: While the HFD fails to induce atherosclerosis in WT rats for 28 days, either CSE or combination of CSE and HFD is able to induce it, and the combination is better than alone. </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2022-12-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jbtr/article/view/15744</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.14710/jbtr.v8i3.15744</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research; Vol 8, No 3 (2022): December 2022; 130-137</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2503-2178</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.14710/jbtr.v8i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jbtr/article/view/15744/8430</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jbtr/article/downloadSuppFile/15744/3807</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>